ʻO Palmitoylethanolamide

• ʻO Palmitoylethanolamide(PEA), he peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-�) ligand e hoʻohana ana i nā hana anti-inflammatory, analgesic, a me neuroprotective, no ka mālama ʻana i ka neuro-inflammatory, pili loa i ka ʻeha mau, glaucoma a me ka retinopathy diabetic.
  • ʻO ka hana (s) o ka hana a PEA e pili ana i kāna mau hopena ma luna o ka nuclear receptor PPARα (Gabrielsson et al., 2016).
  • Hoʻopili pū ia i nā mast cell,cannabinoid mea hoʻokipa ʻano 2 (CB2) -like cannabinoid receptors, ATP-sensitive potassium-channels, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, and nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB).
  • Hiki iā ia ke hoʻopili i ka hōʻailona endocannabinoid ma ke ʻano he substrate hoʻokūkū no ka endocannabinoid homologue anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine).
• ʻO ka ʻike mua ma 1943 e Coburn et al.ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o kahi noiʻi maʻi maʻi e pili ana i ka maʻi rumatika kamaliʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maʻi i nā keiki e ʻai ana i nā meaʻai haʻahaʻa i nā hua.
  • Ua ʻike kēia poʻe noiʻi ua hoʻemi ʻia ka hanana ʻana i nā keiki i hānai ʻia i ka pauka hua manu, a ma hope iho ua hōʻike lākou i nā waiwai anti-anaphylactic i loko o nā puaʻa guinea me kahi ʻāpana lipid mai ka hua manu.
• 1957 Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo Kuehl Jr. a me nā hoa hana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kahi kumu anti-inflammatory crystalline mai ka soybean.Ua hoʻokaʻawale pū lākou i ka pūhui mai kahi hapa phospholipid o ka hua manu a me ka ʻai pīkī hexane-extracted.
  • ʻO ka hydrolysis o PEA i loaʻa i ka palmitic acid a me ka ethanolamine a no laila ua ʻike ʻia ka pūhuiN-(2-hydroxyethyl)- palmitamide (Kepple Hesselink et al., 2013).

 

Papa Kahe o Semi-synthesize Palmitoylethanolamide

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mass Spectra (ESI-MS: m/z 300(M+H+) a me Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) o PEA

 

 

ʻEpekema Meaʻai & Nutrition DOI 10.1002/fsn3.392

Ka palekana o ka micronized palmitoylethanolamide (microPEA): nele i ka mea ʻona a me ka hiki ke genotoxic

 

• ʻO Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) kahi amide momona momona maoli i loaʻa i nā ʻano meaʻai like ʻole, i ʻike mua ʻia i ka hua manu.
• ʻO MicroPEA o ka nui ʻāpana i wehewehe ʻia (0.5–10μm) ua loiloi ʻia no ka mutagenicity maʻO Salmonella typhimurium,no ka clastogenicity/aneuploidy i loko o ka moʻomeheu lymphocytes kanaka, a no ka acute a me ka subchronic rodent toxicity i loko o ka iole, e hahai ana maʻamau OECD ho'āʻo kuʻina, e like me ka Good Laboratory Practice (GLP).
• ʻAʻole i hoʻokomo ʻo PEA i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka bacteria me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kānana TA1535, TA97a, TA98, TA100, a me TA102, me ka hoʻoulu ʻana a i ʻole ka metabolic activation, i loko o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka pā a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano hana preincubation wai.Pēlā nō, ʻaʻole i hoʻoulu ʻo PEA i nā hopena genotoxic i nā cell kanaka i mālama ʻia no 3 a i ʻole 24 mau hola me ka ʻole o ka metabolic activation, a i ʻole no 3 mau hola me ka metabolic activation.
• Ua ʻike ʻia he LD50 ka PEA ma mua o ka palena palena o 2000 mg/kg kino kaumaha (bw), me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka OECD Acute Oral Up and Down Procedure.Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻano no ka haʻawina ʻawaʻawa o ka ʻiole 90 mau lā ma nā hopena mai ka haʻawina mua 14-lā, ʻo ia hoʻi, 250, 500, a me 1000 mg/kg bw/lā.
• ʻO ka No Effect Level (NOEL) ma nā haʻawina subchronic ʻelua i hoʻāʻo ʻia.

Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2016 ʻOkakopa;82(4):932-42.

ʻO Palmitoylethanolamide no ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻeha: pharmacokinetics, palekana a me ka pono

• He ʻumikūmāono mau hoʻokolohua lapaʻau, ʻeono mau hōʻike hihia / noiʻi pilote a me kahi meta-analiʻi o PEA ma ke ʻano he analgesic i paʻi ʻia ma ka palapala.
  • No nā manawa lapaʻau a hiki i 49 mau lā, hoʻopaʻapaʻa ka ʻikepili lapaʻau o kēia manawa i nā hopena lāʻau hōʻino koʻikoʻi (ADRs) ma kahi hanana o

 

• No ka mālama ʻana i ʻoi aku ma mua o 60 mau lā, ʻaʻole lawa ka helu o nā mea maʻi e hoʻokuʻu i kahi alapine o nā ADR ma lalo o 1/100.
• ʻO nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau randomized ʻeono i paʻi ʻia he ʻano like ʻole.ʻO ka hōʻike ʻana i ka ʻikepili me ka ʻole o ka ʻike e pili ana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka ʻikepili a me ka hōʻike ʻole ʻana o ka ʻikepili i nā manawa ʻē aʻe ma waho o ke ana hope loa i waena o nā pilikia i ʻike ʻia.
• Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe poʻo-a-poʻo hoʻohālikelike lapaʻau o ka unmicronized vs. micronized formulations o PEA, a no laila, nele i kēia manawa nā hōʻike no ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kekahi.
• Eia naʻe, kākoʻo nā ʻikepili lapaʻau i loaʻa i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana he mau hana analgesic ka PEA a hoʻoikaika i ka noiʻi hou ʻana o kēia pūhui, e pili ana i ka hoʻohālikelike poʻo a me ke poʻo o nā formulations unmicronized vs.

Nā hōʻike lapaʻau

• KūikawāMea ai no ka Lapaau, i kaLapaʻauof Kēlāʻau ʻeha
• Micronized palmitoylethanolamide hoemi i kahōʻailonaof ʻeha neuropathici ka maʻi diabetic nā maʻi
• Palmitoylethanolamide, a neutraceutical, in aʻalolo kaomi ʻana nā maʻi maʻi: ka pono a palekana in ka ʻeha sciatic a me ke kaila carpal maʻi maʻi
• ʻO Palmitoylethanolamide in Fibromyalgia: Nā hualoaʻa mai Prospective a Nānā hou Nānā Haʻawina
• ʻO ka palmitoylethanolamide ultra-micronized: he mea maikaʻilāʻau kōkuano ka meaʻo Parkinson

maʻi maʻi.

• Kēlāʻau pelvic ʻehaʻeha, maikaʻi of ola a moe kolohe olakino of wahine lapaʻau ʻia me palmitoylethanolamide a α- lipoic acid
• Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lāʻau lapaʻau hoʻokolokolo: ka analgesic waiwai of meaʻai mea hoʻohuime ka palmitoylethanolamide a me ka polydatin i lokoʻōpū huhū maʻi maʻi.
• Hoʻopili pū ʻia me ka ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide/Luteolin in ka Lapaʻau of Cerebral Ischemia: mai Rodent to

Kanaka

• Palmitoylethanolamide, a Kūlohelohe mea hoʻopalekana: Kona Putative Pili pili no ka mea ka Lapaʻauof Glaucomaa me ka mai Diabetic Retinopathy
• N-palmitoylethanolamine a N-acetylethanolamine he pono in asteatotic eczema: hopena of kahi hoʻopaʻa haʻawina i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻelua makapō, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma 60 nā maʻi

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Kauka Eha. 2016 Feb;19(2):11-24.

ʻO Palmitoylethanolamide, kahi meaʻai kūikawā no nā kumu lāʻau lapaʻau, i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻeha maʻi: kahi ʻikepili i hui ʻia me ka meta-analysis.

 

• KULA: Ke hōʻike nei ke kino o nā hōʻike e ulu ana ka neuroinflammation, ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ka infiltration o nā cell immune, ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā mast cell a me nā glial cell, a me ka hana ʻana o nā mea hoʻolaha inflammatory i loko o ka peripheral a me nā ʻōnaehana nerve waena, he kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka induction a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi. ʻehaʻeha.Ke kākoʻo nei kēia mau ʻike i ka manaʻo e hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia nā manawa lapaʻau hou no ka ʻeha mau loa ma luna o ka anti-inflammatory a me ka pro-resolving mediators e hana ana i nā cell immune, ma nā mast cell a me glia, e hoʻēmi a hoʻopau i ka neuroinflammation.

Ma waena o ka anti-inflammatory a me ka pro-resolving lipid mediators, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) i hōʻike ʻia e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka mast cell activation a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā ʻano o nā cell glial.

• PUMUHAU:ʻO ka pahuhopu o kēia noiʻi ʻana ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i ka meta-analysis pooled e loiloi i ka maikaʻi a me ka palekana o ka micronized a me ka ultra-micronizedpalmitoylethanolamide (PEA) i ka ʻeha ʻeha i nā maʻi e loaʻa ana i ka ʻeha maʻi a / a i ʻole neuropathic.
• HAAWINAHOOLAHA:Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻikepili ʻikepili i loaʻa i nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau pālua-makapō, hoʻomalu ʻia, a wehe ʻia.
• HANA:Ua koho ʻia nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau ʻelua makapō, hoʻomalu ʻia, a wehe ʻia me ka nīnau ʻana i nā waihona PubMed, Google Scholar, a me Cochrane, a me nā kaʻina hana o nā hālāwai neuroscience.Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā huaʻōlelo ʻeha mau loa, ʻeha neuropathic, a me PEA micronized a ultra-micronized no ka ʻimi.Aia nā pae koho i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻikepili maka a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana ma waena o nā mea hana i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike a loiloi i ka ʻeha.Ua hui ʻia nā ʻikepili maka i loaʻa e nā mea kākau i hoʻokahi waihona a nānā ʻia e ka Generalized Linear Mixed Model.ʻO nā loli o ka ʻeha i ka manawa, ana ʻia e nā mea hana like, ua loiloi ʻia e ka linear regression post-hoc analysis a me ka manaʻo ʻo Kaplan-Meier.He ʻumikūmālua mau haʻawina i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka pooled meta-analysis, ʻo 3 o ia mau hoʻokolohua pālua-makapō e hoʻohālikelike ana i nā mea hoʻohālikelike ikaika a me kahi placebo, ʻo 2 nā hoʻokolohua open-label vs nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau, a ʻo 7 nā hoʻāʻo hōʻailona wehe ʻole me nā mea hoʻohālikelike.
• KA HUNAHUNA:Ua hōʻike nā hopena i ka PEA e hoʻonui i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o ka ʻeha nui ma mua o ka mana.Ua like ka nui o ka hoemi

1.04 mau helu i kēlā me kēia 2 pule me ka 35% pane ʻokoʻa i wehewehe ʻia e ke ʻano laina.I ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, i ka ʻeha pūʻulu mana, ua like ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā helu 0.20 i kēlā me kēia 2 pule me ka 1% wale nō o ka nui o ka ʻokoʻa i wehewehe ʻia e ka regression.Ua hōʻike ka mea hoʻohālikelike Kaplan-Meier i ka helu ʻeha = 3 i ka 81% o nā maʻi i mālama ʻia e PEA i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 40.9% wale nō i nā maʻi hoʻomalu i ka lā 60 o ka mālama ʻana.Ua kūʻokoʻa nā hopena PEA i ka makahiki maʻi a i ʻole ke kāne, a ʻaʻole pili i ke ʻano o ka ʻeha mau.

• PALAPALA:ʻO ka mea mahalo, ʻaʻole i kākau inoa ʻia nā hanana koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka PEA a i ʻole i hōʻike ʻia ma kekahi o nā haʻawina.
• KA MANAʻO:Ke hōʻoia nei kēia mau hopena e hiki i ka PEA ke hōʻike i kahi hoʻolālā therapeutic hou e mālama ai i ka ʻeha maʻi a me ka neuropathic

pili me ka neuroinflammation.

Hoʻoponopono i ka ʻeha. 2014;2014:849623.

ʻO ka micronized palmitoylethanolamide e hōʻemi i nā hōʻailona o ka ʻeha neuropathic i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi.

• Ua loiloi ka haʻawina i kēia manawa i ka pono o

ka lāʻau micronized palmitoylethanolamide (PEA-m) i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā hōʻailona ʻeha i ʻike ʻia e nā maʻi maʻi maʻi me ka neuropathy peripheral.

• Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka PEA-m (300 mg ʻelua i kēlā me kēia lā) i 30 mau maʻi maʻi maʻi

e loaʻa ana i ka neuropathy diabetic ʻeha.

• Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ma hope o 30 a me 60 mau lā, ua loiloi ʻia nā ʻāpana: nā hōʻailona ʻeha o ka neuropathy peripheral diabetic me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea kani ʻo Michigan Neuropathy Screening;ka ikaika o nā hōʻailona ʻano o ka ʻeha neuropathic diabetic e ka Total Symptom Score;a me ka ikaika o nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka ʻeha neuropathic e ka Neuropathic Pain Symptoms Inventory.Ua hana pū ʻia nā hoʻokolohua hematological a me ke kemika koko e loiloi i ka mana metabolic a me ka palekana.
• Ua hōʻike ʻia ka ʻikepili helu (ANOVA) i kahi hōʻemi nui o ka ʻeha (P <0.0001) a me nā hōʻailona pili (P <0.0001) i loiloi ʻia e Michigan Neuropathy Screening instrument, Total Symptom Score, a me Neuropathic Pain Symptoms Inventory.
• ʻAʻole i hōʻike ʻia nā loiloi hematological a me ka mimi i nā hoʻololi e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka PEA-m, a ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia nā hanana ʻino koʻikoʻi.
• Hōʻike kēia mau hopena e hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻo PEA-m ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau hoʻohiki a maikaʻi hoʻi no ka hōʻailona hōʻailona i ʻike ʻia e nā maʻi maʻi maʻi e loaʻa ana i ka neuropathy peripheral.

J Pain Res. 2015 ʻOkakopa 23;8:729-34.

ʻO Palmitoylethanolamide, kahi neutraceutical, i nā maʻi hoʻopiʻi nerve: pono a palekana i ka ʻeha sciatic a me ka carpal tunnel syndrome.

 

 

• Ma ʻaneʻi, wehewehe mākou i nā hopena o nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau āpau e loiloi ana i ka pono a me ka palekana o PEA i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi nerve: ʻeha sciatic a me ka ʻeha ma muli o ka carpal tunnel syndrome, a nānā i nā hōʻike preclinical i nā kumu hoʻohālike nerve impingement.
  • I ka huina, ua paʻi ʻia ʻewalu mau hoʻokolohua lapaʻau ma ia mau entrapment syndromes, a ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā maʻi 1,366 i kēia mau hoʻāʻo.
  • I loko o hoʻokahi pivotal, pālua makapō, placebo controlled trial ma 636 sciatic pain maʻi, ʻo ka helu e pono ai e mālama i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ʻeha 50% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka baseline ʻo 1.5 ma hope o 3 mau pule o ka mālama ʻana.
  • Ua hōʻoia ka PEA i ka maikaʻi a me ka palekana i nā maʻi hoʻopiʻi nerve, ʻaʻole i wehewehe ʻia nā pilina lāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​hopena ʻaoʻao pilikia.
  • Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka PEA ma ke ʻano he koho lapaʻau hou a palekana no nā maʻi maʻi nerve compression.
    • No ka mea, ua hōʻoia ʻia ka co-analgesic pregabaline

ʻaʻole pono i ka ʻeha sciatic ma kahi hoʻāʻo hoʻonui makapō pālua.

• ʻAʻole ʻike mau nā kauka i ka PEA ma ke ʻano he mea kūpono a palekana i nā opioids a me nā co-analgesics i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻeha neuropathic.

 

 

NNT o PEA a hiki i 50%

hoemi ana i ka eha

 

PEA, palmitoylethanolamide;VAS, unahi hoʻohālikelike ʻike;NNT, helu e pono ai e mālama

Pain Ther. 2015 Dek;4(2):169-78.

ʻO Palmitoylethanolamide ma Fibromyalgia: Nā hopena mai ka Prospective and Retrospective Observational Studies.

 

(duloxetine + pregabalin)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hoemi i ka heluna o na wahi palupalu maikai

 

 

 

Hoemi i ka eha nui ma ke ana VAS.

CNS Neurol Dissord Drug Targets. 2017 Mar 21.

ʻO ka palmitoylethanolamide ultra-micronized: kahi lāʻau adjuvant maikaʻi no ka maʻi o Parkinson.

KULA:ʻO ka maʻi o Parkinson (PD) ke kumuhana o ka hoʻoikaika ikaika e hoʻomohala i nā hoʻolālā e hoʻolohi a hoʻōki i ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻi a me ke kīnā.Hōʻike nā hōʻike koʻikoʻi i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi no ka neuroinflammation ma lalo o ka make dopaminergic cell.ʻO ka ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide (um-PEA) ka mea kaulana no kona hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻonā ʻana o ka neuroinflammation a me ka hana neuroprotection.Ua hoʻolālā ʻia kēia haʻawina e loiloi i ka pono o ka um-PEA ma ke ʻano he adjuvant therapy i nā maʻi me ka PD kiʻekiʻe.

HANA:He kanakolu mau maʻi PD e loaʻa ana i ka levodopa i loko o ke aʻo ʻana.Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka nīnau nīnau noiʻi- Movement Disorder Society/Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) no ka loiloi ʻana i nā hōʻailona kaʻa kaʻa ʻole.Ua hana ʻia nā loiloi maʻi ma mua a ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana o um-PEA (600 mg).Ua kālailai ʻia ka helu helu huina o ka nīnau nīnau MDS-UPDRS no nā ʻāpana I, II, III, a me IV me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Generalized Linear Mixed Model, a ukali ʻia e ka hōʻike Wilcoxon signed-rank e loiloi i ka ʻokoʻa o ka helu mean o kēlā me kēia mea ma waena o ke kumu a me ka hopena o um-PEA. lapaʻau.

KA HUNAHUNA:ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka um-PEA i nā poʻe maʻi PD e loaʻa ana i ka levodopa therapy i hōʻemi nui a holomua i ka helu MDS-UPDRS (mau ʻāpana I, II, III a me IV).No kēlā me kēia mea, ua hōʻike ʻia ka ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka baseline a me ka hopena o ka mālama um-PEA i ka hōʻemi nui ʻana i ka hapa nui o nā hōʻailona kaʻa ʻole a me nā kaʻa.Ua hoʻemi ʻia ka helu o nā maʻi me nā hōʻailona ma basal ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki o ka mālama ʻana i ka um-PEA.ʻAʻohe o nā mea i komo i hōʻike i nā hopena ʻaoʻao e pili ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana o um-PEA.

KA MANAʻO:Ua hoʻolōʻihi ka um-PEA i ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻi a me ke kīnā ʻole i nā maʻi PD, e hōʻike ana he hiki i ka um-PEA ke hoʻohana i ka lāʻau adjuvant maikaʻi no PD.

Minerva Ginecol. 2015 ʻOkakopa;67(5):413-9.

ʻO ka ʻeha pelvic mau loa, ka maikaʻi o ke ola a me ke olakino wahine o nā wahine i mālama ʻia me ka palmitoylethanolamide a me ka α-lipoic acid.

• ʻO ka pahuhopu o kēia pepa ʻo ia ka loiloi i nā hopena o ka hui

ma waena o ka palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) a me ka α-lipoic acid (LA) ma ka maikaʻi o ke ola (QoL) a me ka hana moekolohe i nā wahine i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka ʻeha pelvic pili i ka endometriosis.

• He kanalimakumamāono wahine i hoʻokumu i ka hui aʻo a hāʻawi ʻia iā PEA 300 mg a me LA 300mg ʻelua i kēlā me kēia lā.
• No ka wehewehe ʻana i ka ʻeha pelvic pili i ka endometriosis, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka visual analogic scale (VAS).ʻO ka Short Form-36 (SF-36), ka Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) a me ka Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS) i hoʻohana ʻia e loiloi i ka QoL, ka hana moe kolohe a me ka pilikia o ka wahine.Ua komo ka haʻawina i ʻekolu mau ukali ma 3, 6 a me 9 mau mahina.
• ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia nā loli i ka ʻeha, QoL a me ka hana pili i ka malama 3rd malama (P=NS).Ma ka mahina 6 a me 9, ua hoʻomaikaʻi nā hōʻailona ʻeha (P<0.001) a me nā ʻano āpau o ka QoL (P<0.001).ʻAʻole i loli ka helu FSFI a me ka FSDS ma ka hahai ʻana o ka malama 3 (P=ns).Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ma ka 3rd a me 9th mau mahina e hoʻomaikaʻi ai lākou e pili ana i ka baseline (P <0.001).
• ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka maʻi ʻeha i hōʻike ʻia e nā wahine i ka wā lapaʻau hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka QoL a me ke ola moekolohe o nā wahine ma PEA a me LA.

Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2017 Mar 31;89(1):17-21.

ʻO ka maikaʻi o kahi hui o ka palmitoylethanolamide a me ka alpha-lipoic acid i nā maʻi me ka prostatitis maʻi / maʻi ʻeha pelvic maʻi: kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua randomized.

• KULA:ʻO ka maʻi prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) he maʻi paʻakikī, i hōʻike ʻia e ka etiology maopopo ʻole a me ka pane ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o CP / CPPS e pili ana i ka ʻeha genitourinary me ka ʻole o ka hoʻokae ʻana i nā hōʻailona me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka bacteria uropathogenic, e like me ka ʻike ʻia e nā ʻano microbiological maʻamau, a i ʻole kekahi kumu ʻike ʻia e like me ka maʻi maʻi.ʻO ka maikaʻi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau like ʻole, ua loiloi ʻia i loko o nā haʻawina lāʻau lapaʻau, akā nele a kūʻē paha nā hōʻike.Ua hoʻohālikelike mākou iā Serenoa Repens i ka monotherapy versus Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) i hui pū ʻia me Alphalipoic acid (ALA) a loiloi i ka pono o kēia mau lapaʻau i nā maʻi me CP/CPPS.
• HANA:Ua hana mākou i kahi hoʻokolokolo makapō hoʻokahi.44 mau maʻi i loaʻa i ka CP/CPPS (mean makahiki

ʻO 41.32 ± 1.686 mau makahiki) i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka mālama ʻana me Palmitoylethanolamide 300 mg me ka waikawa Alphalipoic 300 mg (Peanase®), a i ʻole Serenoa Repens ma 320 mg.ʻEkolu mau nīnau nīnau (NIH-CPSI, IPSS a me IIEF5) i lawelawe ʻia ma ka papa kuhikuhi a ma hope o 12 mau pule o ka mālama ʻana i kēlā me kēia hui.

• KA HUNAHUNA:Ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ka mālama ʻana o 12 pule me Peanase i ka helu IPSS i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka manawa like o ka mālama ʻana me Serenoa Repens, a ua hōʻemi nui ʻia ka helu NIH-CPSI.Ua ʻike ʻia nā hopena like ma nā ʻokoʻa NIH-CPSI subscores i haki.Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa like ka hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻana o ka helu IIEF5.ʻAʻole i hoʻopuka nā lāʻau ʻelua i nā hopena i makemake ʻole ʻia.
• OLELO HOOLAHA: Hōʻike nā hopena i kēia manawa i ka maikaʻi o kahi hui o Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) a me Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) i lawelawe ʻia no 12 mau pule no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi me CP/CPPS, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me Serenoa Repens monotherapy.

Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Feb 6.

ʻO ka hoʻāʻo hoʻāʻo ʻokoʻa: nā waiwai analgesic omeaʻai mea hoʻohui

me ka palmitoylethanolamide a me ka polydatin i ka maʻi irritable bowel.

 

• KULA:Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka ʻōpū i loko o ka maʻi irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) pathophysiology.ʻOiai ʻo ka hapa nui o nā meaʻai i ka IBS e pili ana i ka pale ʻana i ka meaʻai, aia ka liʻiliʻi o nā hōʻailona e pili ana i ka meaʻai.ʻO Palmithoylethanolamide, pili i ka endocannabinoid anandamide, a me polydatin nā meaʻai meaʻai e hana synergistically e hōʻemi i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka mast cell.
• AIM:No ka loiloi i ka hopena ma ka helu mast cell a me ka pono o ka palmithoylethanolamide / polydatin i nā maʻi me IBS.
• HANA:Ua alakaʻi mākou i kahi pailaka, 12-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study e nānā ana i ka hopena o ka palmithoylethanolamide / polydatin 200 mg / 20 mg a i ʻole placebo bd ma ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻōnaehana endocannabinoid a me nā hōʻailona i nā maʻi IBS .ʻO nā laʻana biopsy, i loaʻa ma ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana a ma ka hopena o ke aʻo ʻana, ua kālailai ʻia e immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunoassay, wai chromatography a me Western blot.
• KA HUNAHUNA:He 54 mau maʻi me IBS a me 12 mau mana olakino i kākau inoa ʻia mai ʻelima mau kikowaena ʻEulopa.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mana, ua hōʻike nā mea maʻi IBS i ka helu kiʻekiʻe o ka mucosal mast cell (3.2 ± 1.3 vs. 5.3 ± 2.7%,

P = 0.013), hoʻemi ʻia ka momona momona amide oleoylethanolamide (12.7 ± 9.8 vs. 45.8 ± 55.6 pmol / mg, P = 0.002) a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻōlelo o ka cannabinoid receptor 2 (0.7 ± 0.1 vs. 1.0 ± 0.8, P = 0.012).ʻAʻole i hoʻololi nui ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka moʻolelo biological IBS, me ka helu mast cell.Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kahi placebo, ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ka palmithoylethanolamide/polydatin i ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū (P <0.05).

• OLELO HOOLAHA:ʻO ka hopena i hōʻailona ʻia o ka meaʻai meaʻai palmithoylethanolamide / polydatin ma ka ʻeha ʻōpū i nā maʻi me IBS e hōʻike ana he ala kūlohelohe kēia no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻeha ma kēia ʻano.Pono nā haʻawina hou aʻe e wehewehe i ka hana o ka palmithoylethanolamide / polydatin ma IBS.Helu ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT01370720.

Unuhi i ke kaha hou. 2016 Feb;7(1):54-69.

Co-ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide / Luteolin i ka mālama ʻana i ka Cerebral Ischemia: mai Rodent i ke kanaka.

 

 

 

Hāʻawi ʻia nā mea maʻi iā Glialia® no kahi manawa o 60 mau lā.

He 26.6 ± 1.69, 48.3 ± 1.91, a me 60.5 ± 1.95 ka helu o ka Barthel Index ma T0 (242).

nā maʻi), T30 (229 mau maʻi), a me T60 (218

nā maʻi), kēlā me kēia.

He ʻokoʻa nui ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana ma waena o T0 a me T30 (***p< 0.0001) a ma waena o T0 a me T60 (###p< 0.0001).Eia kekahi, aia kekahi ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma waena o T30 a me T60 (p< 0.0001).

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā helu haʻahaʻa o nā maʻi wahine ma mua o nā kāne, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kīnā i nā maʻi maʻi

Drug Des Devel Ther. 2016 Sep 27;10:3133-3141.

Resolvins a me nā aliamides: lipid autacoids i ka ophthalmology - he aha ka ʻōlelo hoʻohiki a lākou e paʻa ai?

• ʻO Resolvins (Rvs) kahi papa moʻolelo onā molekole endogenous i loaʻa i ka lipid(autacoids) me nā waiwai immunomodulating ikaika, ka mea e hoʻoponopono i ka pae hoʻonā o kahi pane immune ikaika.
  • Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau mea modulating ma ka ʻāina, e hoʻohuli ana i ka hana o nā cell a me / a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻiʻo, i hana ʻia ma ke koi a hoʻololi ʻia i loko o nā cell a me / a i ʻole nā ​​kikoʻī.
  • ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo Autacoid, i hoʻomohala ʻia i nā makahiki 1970, ʻo nā lāʻau autacoid ʻo ia nā pūhui ponoʻī o ke kino a i ʻole nā ​​mea mua a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe o ia mea, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ke kemika maʻalahi, e like me 5-hydroxytryptophan, kahi precursor no serotonin.
  • ʻO ka hana koʻikoʻi o nā autacoids e pili ana i kēia mau papa, ʻo ia ka pale ʻana i nā cascades immune hyperactivated a pēlā e hana ai e like me kahi hōʻailona "hoʻomaha" i nā kaʻina ʻaʻa i lilo i pathological.
    • I ka makahiki 1993, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909–2012) ka mea lanakila no ka Nobel i ka huaʻōlelo "alamides" no ia mau pūhui, ʻoiai e hana ana i ka hana keakea a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) i nā mast cell overactive.
    • Ua loaʻa ka manaʻo o aliamides mai ka acronymALIA: autacoid local inflammation mea kūʻē.
    • Ua loaʻa ka huaʻōlelo i ke kahua oN-acetylethanolamides autacoids, e like me PEA, ʻoiai ʻo "aliamide" i wehewehe ʻia e Levi-Montalcini ma ke ʻano he manaʻo pahu no nā mea hoʻolaha lipid-inhibiting a -modulating.E komo pū kekahi i nā Rvs, protectins, a me maresin.
    • ʻO Rvs nā metabolites o ka polyunsaturated ω-3 fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a me docosapentaenoic acid (DPA).
      • ʻO nā metabolites o EPA ua kapa ʻia ʻo E Rvs (RvEs), nā DHA i kapa ʻia ʻo D Rvs (RvDs), a ʻo nā DPA i kapa ʻia ʻo Rvs D.

(RvDsn-3DPA) a me Rvs T (RvTs).

• Loaʻa nā pale a me nā maresin mai ka ω-3 fatty acid DHA.

J Ophtalmol. 2015;2015:430596.

ʻO Palmitoylethanolamide, kahi Retinoprotectant Kūlohelohe: ʻO kona kūpono kūpono no ka mālama ʻana i ka Glaucoma a me ka Retinopathy Diabetic.

 

ʻO ka Retinopathy he mea hoʻoweliweli i ka ʻike maka, a ʻo ka glaucoma a me ka maʻi diabetes ke kumu nui o ka hōʻino ʻana i nā ʻāpana retinal.Hōʻike nā ʻike hou i kahi ala pathogenetic maʻamau no nā maʻi ʻelua, e pili ana i ka mumū mau.

Ua loiloi ʻia ka PEA no ka glaucoma, ka retinopathy diabetic, a me ka uveitis, nā ʻano pathological e pili ana i ka mumū mau, nā maʻi hanu, a me nā maʻi ʻeha like ʻole i kekahi mau hoʻokolohua lapaʻau mai ka 70s o 20th century.

Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ʻo PEA ma ka liʻiliʻi he 9 mau haʻawina i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kahi placebo makapō, ma waena o ia mau haʻawina ʻelua i ka glaucoma, a ʻike ʻia he palekana a maikaʻi hoʻi a hiki i ka 1.8 g/lā, me ka hoʻomanawanui maikaʻi loa.No laila paʻa ka PEA i ka ʻōlelo hoʻohiki i ka mālama ʻana i kekahi mau retinopathies.

Loaʻa ka PEA ma ke ʻano he meaʻai meaʻai (PeaPure) a ma ke ʻano he meaʻai meaʻai no nā kumu olakino ma Italia (Normast, PeaVera, a me Visimast).

Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia mau huahana ma Italia no ke kākoʻo meaʻai i ka glaucoma a me ka neuroinflammation.Kūkākūkā mākou i ka PEA ma ke ʻano he pūhui anti-inflammatory a me retinoprotectant i ka mālama ʻana i nā retinopathies, pili loa i ka glaucoma a me ka maʻi diabetes.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nā pahuhopu molekalale like ʻole o PEA.PPAR: peroxisome proliferator i ho'āla 'ia ka mea ho'okipa;GPR-55: 119-nā keiki makua ʻole G-protein i hui pū ʻia;CCL: chemokine ligand;COX: cyclooxygenase;iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase;TRPV: kaila cation hiki ke loaʻa transient subfamily V;IL: interleukin;Kv1.5,4.3: nā ʻīpuka ʻīpuka pālolo pālolo;Toll-4 R: ka loaʻa ʻana e like me ka uku.

Clin Interv Aging. 2014 Iulai 17;9:1163-9.

ʻO ka N-palmitoylethanolamine a me ka N-acetylethanolamine maikaʻi i ka asteatotic eczema: nā hopena o kahi haʻawina i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, pālua-makapō, hoʻomalu ʻia i nā maʻi 60.

 

 

 

• KULA:Hōʻike ʻia ka Asteatotic eczema (AE) e ka ʻili ʻili, maloʻo, ʻākala, a me ka scaling.ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau no AE ka nui o nā emollients, maʻa mau ka urea, lactic acid, a i ʻole ka paʻakai lactate.ʻO N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) a me N-acetylethanolamine (AEA) nā lipid endogenous i hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea hana lapaʻau hou i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi ʻili he nui.ʻO ke kumu o kēia haʻawina ʻo ia ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i kahi emollient PEA/AEA me kahi emollient kuʻuna i ka mālama ʻana iā AE.
• HANA:Ua mālamaʻia kahi ho'āʻo monocentric, randomized, double-blind, comparative ho'āʻo i nā maʻi 60 AE e loiloi a hoʻohālikelike i ka pono o nā emollientsʻelua.ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka maloʻo ʻana o ka ʻili ma waena o nā kumuhana mai ka haʻahaʻa a haʻahaʻa.Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka hana pale ʻili o nā kumuhana a me ka paepae ʻike i kēia manawa no 28 mau lā e ka ʻike ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka ʻenehana bioengineering.
• KA HUNAHUNA:Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena, ʻoiai ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona ma nā hui ʻelua, ua hōʻike ka hui e hoʻohana ana i ka emollient loaʻa ka PEA/AEA i kahi hoʻololi maikaʻi o ka ʻili i ka capacitance.Eia naʻe, ʻo ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo ia ka hiki o ka PEA / AEA emollient e hoʻonui i ka paepae ʻike 5 Hz i kēia manawa i kahi pae maʻamau ma hope o 7 mau lā, me ka ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā kumukūʻai ma ka papa kuhikuhi a ma hope o nā lā 14.ʻO ka paepae manaʻo o kēia manawa o 5 Hz i hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ʻili a hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻole ʻia me ka nalowale o ka wai transepidermal i ka hui emollient PEA / AEA.
• KA MANAʻO: Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā emollient kuʻuna, hiki i ka hoʻohana maʻamau o kahi emollient PEA/AEA topical ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hana ʻili passive a me ka ʻeleu i ka manawa like.

 

 

Hoʻololi i ka hydration o ka ʻili ma luna o 28 mau lā

 

 

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka emollient kuʻuna, hiki i ka PEA/AEA emollient ke hoʻomalu i nā hana ʻili "passive" a me "active", me ka hana hou ʻana o ka ʻili a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā lipid lamellae, ka ʻili ʻili, a me ka mākaukau pale.

 

Pehea e hana ai ka PEA

• ʻO ka (mau) hana o kaHoʻopili ka PEAkona hopena ma ka nukeleamea hoʻokipaPPARα(Gabrielsson et al., 2016).
• Hoʻopili pū ʻia nā mast cell, cannabinoidmea hoʻokipaʻano 2 (CB2)-likecannabinoidnā mea loaʻa,ATP-sensitive potassium-channels, transientmea hoʻokipahiki ke ala (TRP), a me ka nukilimea kumukapa B (NFkB).
• Hikipiliendocannabinoid hōʻailona ma ka hana ʻana ma ke ʻano he hoʻokūkūsubstrate noka endocannabinoid homologue anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine).
• axis Gut-brain: Ke kuleana o nā lipids i loko ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka mumū, ʻeha a me CNS nā maʻi.

 

 

 

 

 

Curr Med Chem. 2017 Feb

16.

Gut-brain axis: Ke kuleana o nā lipids i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka mumū, ʻeha a me nā maʻi CNS.

 

 

 

 

 

 

• ʻO ka ʻōpū kanaka he ʻano anaerobic composite me kahi microbiota enteric nui, ʻano like ʻole a me ka ikaika, i hōʻike ʻia e nā microorganisms ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 trillion, me ka liʻiliʻi o 1000 mau ʻano ʻano like ʻole.
• ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i hiki i kahi ʻano microbial ʻē aʻe ke hoʻololi i ka ʻano a me ka cognition, a ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki i ka ʻōnaehana nūnū ke hoʻopili pololei i ka ʻano microbiota enteric, ua kōkua nui i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka manaʻo i ʻae ʻia o ka axis gut-brain.

 

• Kākoʻo ʻia kēia kuhiakau e kekahi mau hōʻike e hōʻike ana i nā ʻano hana like ʻole, e pili ana i ke aʻalolo pohihihi, ka ʻōnaehana immune, ka modulation axis hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) a me nā hua bacteria.

metabolites.

 

• Nui nā haʻawina i kālele ʻia i ka wehewehe ʻana i kahi kuleana no kēia axis i ke olakino a me nā maʻi, mai nā pilikia pili i ke koʻikoʻi e like me ke kaumaha, ka hopohopo a me ka irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) i nā maʻi neurodevelopmental, e like me ka autism, a me nā maʻi neurodegenerative, e like me Parkinson. ʻO ka maʻi, ka maʻi Alzheimer etc.

 

• Ma muli o kēia kāʻei kua, a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka pili o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kūlana symbiotic ma waena o ka mea hoʻokipa a me ka microbiota, ke nānā nei kēia loiloi i ke kuleana a me ke komo ʻana o nā lipid bioactive, e like me ka ʻohana N-acylethanolamine (NAE) nona nā lālā nui he N-arachidonoylethanolamine. (AEA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) a me oleoilethanolamide (OEA), a me ka pōkole kaulahao momona waikawa (SCFAs), e like me butyrate, no ka nui o ka bioactive lipids hiki ke modulate peripheral a me ke kikowaena pathologic kaʻina hana.

 

• Ua hoʻokumu maikaʻi ʻia kā lākou kuleana kūpono i ka ʻāʻī, ka ʻeha a me ka ʻeha mau, ka momona a me nā maʻi ʻōnaehana waena.Ua hōʻike ʻia ka pilina ma waena o kēia mau lipids a me ka microbiota gut ma o nā ʻano hana like ʻole.ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki i ka hoʻokele ʻōnaehana o nā bacteria kikoʻī ke hōʻemi i ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū ma o ke komo ʻana o ka cannabinoid receptor 1 i ka ʻiole;ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hoʻemi ka PEA i nā hōʻailona ʻāʻī i loko o kahi ʻano murine o ka maʻi inflammatory bowel (IBD), a me ka butyrate, i hana ʻia e ka gut microbiota, he mea maikaʻi ia i ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka ʻeha a me ka ʻeha i ka irritable bowel syndrome a me nā ʻano holoholona IBD.

 

• Ma kēia loiloi, hoʻopaʻa mākou i ka pilina ma waena o ka mumū, ka ʻeha, ka microbiota a me nā lipids ʻē aʻe, e kālele ana i ka hiki ke komo ʻana o NAEs a me SCFAs i ka axis gut-brain a me kā lākou kuleana i nā maʻi ʻōnaehana waena.

Nā hopena o ka palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) ma ka Akt/mTOR/p70S6K axis activation a me ka hōʻike HIF-1α ma DSS-induced colitis a me ka ulcerative colitis.

 

 

 

PLoS Hoʻokahi.2016;11(5): e0156198.

 

 

ʻO Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) ke kāohi i ka angiogenesis pili i ka colitis i nāʻiole.(A) DSS-induced colitis i hoʻonui nui i ka Hb-content in colonic mucosa, hiki i ka PEA ke hoʻemi, ma keʻano o ka hopena, ka Hb-maʻiʻo i loko o nāʻiole colitis;ua hoʻomau kēia hopena i mua o ka PPARγ antagonist (GW9662) ʻoiai ua hoʻopau ʻia e PPARα antagonist (MK866).(B) Nā kiʻi immunohistochemical e hōʻike ana i ka hōʻike ʻana o CD31 ma nā ʻiole colonic mucosa i mālama ʻole ʻia (panel 1), DSS-treated mice colonic mucosa (panel 2), DSS-treated mice colonic mucosa i mua o PEA (10 mg / Kg) wale nō (panel. 3), PEA (10 mg/Kg) me MK866 10 mg/Kg (panel 4), a me PEA (10 mg/Kg) me GW9662 1 mg/Kg (panel 5).Hoʻonui 20X;pae unahi: 100μm.Hōʻuluʻulu ka pakuhi i ka helu pili o ka ʻōlelo CD31 (%) ma nā ʻiole colonic mucosa i nā pūʻulu hoʻokolohua like, e hōʻike ana i ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka hōʻike CD31 i nā ʻiole colitic ma hope o ka hoʻokele PEA, koe wale nō ka hui i mālama pū ʻia me ka antagonist o PPARα.

(C) Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka VEGF i hoʻonui i nā ʻiole i mālama ʻia e DSS a ua hoʻemi nui ʻia e ka mālama PEA ma kahi ʻano hilinaʻi PPARα.(D) Ka nānā 'ana o Western blot a

ka nānā 'ana densitometric pili (nā'āpana kū'oko'a ma'amau ma ka'ōlelo o ka hale mālama protein β-actin) o ka'ōlelo VEGF-receptor (VEGF-R), e hō'ike ana i nā hopena like i ka ho'oku'u'ana o VEGF.Hōʻike ʻia nā hopena ma ke ʻano he ± SD.*p<0.05, **p<0.01 a me ***p<0.001 me nāʻiole i mālamaʻia e DSS

PLoS Hoʻokahi.2016;11(5): e0156198.

Sci Rep. 2017 Mar 23;7(1):375.

Hoʻokomo ʻo Palmitoylethanolamide i nā loli microglia e pili ana me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana a me ka hana phagocytic: ke komo ʻana o ka mea loaʻa CB2.

 

• Ua hōʻike ʻia ka endogenous fatty acid amide palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) e hana i nā hana anti-inflammatory ma o ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā molela pro-inflammatory mai nā mast cell, monocytes a me macrophages.ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻole ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana endocannabinoid (eCB) i waena o nā ʻano hana o ka hana i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā hopena like ʻole o ka PEA in vivo.
• Ma kēia haʻawina, ua hoʻohana mākou i ka microglia iole moʻomeheu a me nā macrophages kanaka e loiloi inā pili ka PEA i ka hōʻailona eCB.
• Uaʻikeʻia ka PEA e hoʻonui i ka CB2 mRNA a me ka'ōlelo protein ma o ka peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) activation.
  • Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻano hana hoʻoponopono gene hou ma o: (i)

lāʻau lapaʻau PPAR-α manipulation, (ii) PPAR-α mRNA silencing,

(iii) chromatin immunoprecipitation.

• Eia kekahi, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i ka PEA i hoʻohuli i nā loli morphological e pili ana i kahi phenotype microglial reactive, me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka phagocytosis a me ka hana migratory.
• Hōʻike kā mākou mau ʻike i ka hoʻoponopono ʻole ʻana o ka microglial CB2R hōʻike ma ke ʻano he hana hou e pili ana i nā hopena o PEA.Hiki ke ʻimi ʻia ka PEA ma ke ʻano he mea hana pono no ka pale ʻana / mālama ʻana i nā hōʻailona pili me ka neuroinflammation i nā maʻi CNS.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ke kumu hoʻohālike o 2-AG metabolism a me kona hāʻawi ʻana i ka ʻeha postoperative.ʻO nā enzyme e hoʻopili i ka metabolism 2-AG.Hoʻomaka mua ka metabolism 2-AG ma o ka hydrolysis e ka monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), e hāʻawi ana i ka waikawa arachidonic, a laila hoʻololi ʻia i eicosanoids e COX a me LOX enzymes.Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka 2-AG i prostaglandin glycerol esters (PG-Gs) e COX-2 a me hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid glycerol esters (HETE-Gs) e nā enzyme LOX.

 

 

ʻeha. 2015 Feb;156(2):341-7.

Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2017 Feb 27;5(2):e00300.

ʻO ka palmitoylethanolamide pūhui anti-inflammatory e kāohi i ka hana prostaglandin a me ka hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid e kahi laina cell macrophage.

 

Ka hopena o ka PEA ma nā pae o (A) PGD2;(B) PGE2;(C) 11-HETE;(D) 15-HETE;(E) 9-HODE a me (F) 13-HODE in

LPS + IFNγ- mālama ʻia ʻo RAW264.7 cell.

Ua hoʻohui ʻia nā kelepona (2.5 × 105 i kēlā me kēia pūnāwai) i nā papa ʻeono punawai me LPS (0.1).μg/mL maikaʻi) a me INFγ (100 U/mL) a moʻomeheu ʻia ma 37°C no 24 mau hola.PEA (3μmol/L, P3;a i ʻole 10μua hoʻohui ʻia ka mol/L, P10) a i ʻole kaʻa ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia wā moʻomeheu (“24 h”) a i ʻole no 30 min ma hope o ka LPS + INF.γ ka manawa hoʻoulu ("30 min").

ʻO kaP ʻO nā waiwai mai nā hiʻohiʻona laina no nā hopena nui wale nō (nā lālani ʻekolu kiʻekiʻe,ti = ʻāpana manawa, me 30 min ka waiwai kuhikuhi) a i ʻole no kahi kumu hoʻohālike e pili ana i nā pilina (lalo ʻelua lālani), helu ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana.t- nā māhele i hoʻoholo ʻia e ka bootstrap me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana (10,000 iterations) o ka ʻikepili ma lalo o ke kuhiakau null.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā mea ʻē aʻe a hiki paha, i hōʻailona ʻia ma Boxplot (Tukey), ma ke ʻano he huinakolu a me nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula.Ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā outliers hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i loko o ka helu helu helu, ʻoiai ua kāpae ʻia ka outlier.Hōʻike nā pā i nā waiwai waena ma hope o ka wehe ʻana o ka outlier paha (n = 11–12).No ka 11-HETE, kaP ʻO nā waiwai no ka pūʻulu ʻikepili holoʻokoʻa (ʻo ia hoʻi me ka outlier paha) he:ti, 0.87;P3, 0.86;P10, 0.0020;ti × P3, 0.83;ti x P10, 0.93.

 

HOOLAHA PEA

 

• Loaʻa ka PEA i kēia manawa ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano o nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai, nā meaʻai lapaʻau, a me / a i ʻole nā ​​​​nutraceuticals i loko o nā ʻano hana like ʻole, me ka ʻole o nā mea kōkua (Hesselink a me Kopsky, 2015).
• Ke kūʻai ʻia nei ka PEA no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā holoholona (nā kūlana ʻili, Redonyl™, hana ʻia e Innovet) a ma ke ʻano he nutraceutical i loko o nā kānaka (Normast™ a me Pelvilen™, hana ʻia e Epitech; PeaPure™, hana ʻia e JP Russel Science Ltd.) ma kekahi mau ʻāina ʻEulopa (e laʻa me Italia, Sepania a me Netherlands) (Gabrielsson et al., 2016).
• He mea hoʻohui ia o ka cream (Physiogel AI ™, i hana ʻia e Stiefel) i kūʻai ʻia no ka ʻili maloʻo (Gabrielsson et al., 2016).
• Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ʻo PEA Ultramicronized ma ke ʻano he meaʻai no nā kumu kūikawā e ke Kuhina Ola o Italia a ʻaʻole i kapa inoa ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻeha neuropathic (Andersen et al., 2015).
• ʻAʻole i nānā mua ka Food and Drug Administration (FDA) i ka palekana o PEA.ʻAʻohe kānāwai i ka US i ʻae i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka PEA ma ke ʻano he meaʻai meaʻai a i ʻole ka mea GRAS.

 

 

FDA ma ka Meaʻai Lapaʻau

• I ka US, ʻo nā meaʻai lapaʻau he ʻano huahana kūikawā i hoʻoponopono ʻia e FDA.

• Ma ʻEulopa, ua uhi ʻia kahi ʻāpana like i kapa ʻia ʻo "Foods for Special Medical Purposes" (FSMPs) e ka Foods for Particular Nutritional Uses directive a hoʻoponopono ʻia e ka European Commission (EC).
• I ka makahiki 1988, ua hana ʻo FDA i nā hana e paipai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka māhele meaʻai olakino ma o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā huahana i ke kūlana lāʻau makua ʻole.
  • ʻO kēia mau hoʻololi hoʻoponopono e hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai a me ka manawa e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana i nā meaʻai lapaʻau i ka mākeke, ʻoiai ua mālama ʻia nā meaʻai lapaʻau ma mua e like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
  • ʻAʻole koi ʻia nā meaʻai lapaʻau e hana i ka loiloi premarket a ʻae ʻia e FDA.Hoʻohui ʻia, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia lākou mai nā koina lepili no nā koi olakino a me nā koi ʻai meaʻai ma lalo o ka Nutrition Labeling and Education Act o 1990.
    • ʻAʻole like me nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai, ka mea i kaupalena ʻia mai ka hana ʻana i nā koi maʻi a i manaʻo ʻia no nā kānaka olakino, ua manaʻo ʻia nā meaʻai olakino no nā heluna maʻi kūikawā.
    • Pono e kākoʻo ʻia nā ʻōlelo hoʻopiʻi maʻi e nā hōʻike ʻepekema kūpono e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i nā koi o ka hoʻokele waiwai ʻana o ka maʻi.
    • Pono e ʻae ʻia nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai a i ʻole e helu ʻia ʻo GRAS.

 

FDA ma ka Meaʻai Lapaʻau

 

• Hoʻonohonoho ka US FDA i ka meaʻai lapaʻau ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o nā mea i manaʻo ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai lapaʻau o kekahi ʻano a i ʻole maʻi.ʻO nā pono kikoʻī e pono ai no ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia inoa FDA, ʻo ia ka huahana:
  • He meaʻai i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia no ka ʻai ʻana i ka waha a i ʻole ke komo ʻana;
  • No ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai lapaʻau o kahi maʻi maʻi kūikawā, ka maʻi a i ʻole ke kūlana ʻano ʻē aʻe i loaʻa ai nā pono meaʻai kūʻokoʻa;
  • Hana ʻia me nā mea i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he palekana (GRAS);
  • I ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā lula FDA e pili ana i ka lepili, nā koi huahana a me

hana ʻana.

• Ma ke ʻano he ʻano therapeutic, ʻokoʻa ka meaʻai olakino mai nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā mea hoʻohui.
  • Pono nā lepili e hoʻokomo i ka huaʻōlelo, "e hoʻohana ʻia ma lalo o ka nānā ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau," no ka mea, hana ʻia nā meaʻai lapaʻau ma lalo o nā hana hana paʻa a mālama i nā kūlana lepili kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO nā meaʻai lapaʻau ke ʻano nui e hiki mai ana no nā meaʻai pūʻulu?

• Ke ulu nei nā manawa ma ka māhele meaʻai olakino;ʻO ka mākeke ua manaʻo ʻia he $ 15 biliona, e like meʻO kaPāAlanui Nupepa.
• ʻO nā hui meaʻai nui, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Nestle a me Hormel, ke hana nei i nā hoʻopukapuka ma R&D a me nā laina huahana e hoʻokō i nā pono olakino a me ka meaʻai.
  • Ua hoʻopuka ʻo Nestle i kahi$500 miliona kālā e kākoʻo i ka noiʻi meaʻai olakino a hiki i 2021.
  • E like me nā paʻakikī, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻepekema kūpono a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hilinaʻi i ka ʻoihana mālama ola kino he mea nui ia
    • Pono e hoʻomau ka poʻe hana mea hana i ka noiʻi ʻana i ka ʻepekema lapaʻau a pili paha me nā kulanui noiʻi e hoʻopaʻa ai, a i ʻole e kākoʻo i ka noiʻi a i ʻole e loaʻa ka ʻike koʻikoʻi.

Nā laʻana kikoʻī o nā meaʻai lapaʻau i kūʻai ʻia a me kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana

• Axona (caprylic triglyceride) –ʻO ka maʻi o Alzheimer[5]
  • ʻO Banatrol Plus (nā ʻōpala maiʻa/Bimuno, galacto-oligosaccharide –ka maʻi pā[6]
  • Deplin (l-methylfolate) –kaumaha[7]
  • Fosteum (genistein aglycone/citrated zinc bisglycinate/cholecalciferol)

–osteopenia aosteoporosis[8]

• Limbrel (flavocoxida) –osteoarthritis[9]
• Metanx (L-methylfolate calcium/pyridoxal 5′- phosphate/methylcobalamin) –neuropathy maʻi maʻi[10]
• Theramine (l-arginine, 5-htp, histidine, l-glutamine) -mialgia[11]