Palmitoylethanolamide

• Palmitoylethanolamide(PEAAlfa nke na-anabata ihe na-eme ka peroxisome proliferator (PPAR-�ligand nke na-arụ ọrụ mgbochi mkpali, analgesic, na neuroprotective omume, maka ọgwụgwọ nke neuro-mbufụt, karịsịa metụtara mgbu na-adịghị ala ala, glaucoma na ọrịa mamịrị retinopathy.
  • Usoro (s) nke omume nke PEA gụnyere mmetụta ya na PPARA receptor (Gabrielsson et al., 2016).
  • Ọ na-agụnye mast cell,cannabinoid onye nnata ụdị 2 (CB2) -dị ka ndị na-anabata cannabinoid, ATP-sensitive potassium-channels, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, na kappa B (NFkB) ihe kpatara nuklia.
  • Ọ nwere ike imetụta akara ngosi endocannabinoid site n'ime ihe dị ka onye na-asọmpi maka endocannabinoid homologue anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine).
• Nlebanya mbụ bụ na 1943 site na Coburn et al.dịka akụkụ nke nyocha ọrịa na-efe efe lekwasịrị anya na ahụ ọkụ rheumatic nwata, ihe omume ya dị elu na ụmụaka ndị ahụ na-eri nri dị obere na akwa.
  • Ndị nchọpụta a kwuru na e belatara ihe omume na ụmụaka na-enye ntụ ntụ nkochi ime akwa, ma emesia ha gosipụtara ihe mgbochi anaphylactic na ezi pigs nke nwere lipid wepụ na nkochi ime akwa akwa.
• 1957 Kuehl Jr. na ndị ọrụ ibe ha kọrọ na ha enweela ihe ịga nke ọma n'iwepụ ihe mgbochi mkpali kristal na soybean.Ha kewapụrụ ogige ahụ site n'obere nkochi ime akwa na phospholipid na nri ahụekere nke hexane wetara.
  • Hydrolysis nke PEA mere ka palmitic acid na ethanolamine wee si otú a chọpụta ihe mejupụtara yaN(2-hydroxyethyl) - palmitamide (Kepple Hesselink et al., 2013).

 

Chart na-erugharị nke Semi-synthesize Palmitoylethanolamide

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mass Spectra (ESI-MS: m/z 300(M+H+) na Nuklia Resonance Magnetic Resonance (NMR) nke PEA

 

 

Sayensị nri & nri DOI 10.1002/fsn3.392

Nchekwa nke micronized palmitoylethanolamide (microPEA): enweghị nsi na ike genotoxic

 

• Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) bụ eke fatty acid amide nke a na-achọta n'ụdị nri dị iche iche, nke a chọpụtara na mbụ na nkochi ime akwa.
• MicroPEA nke nha urughuru akọwapụtara (0.5-10μm) a tụlere maka mutagenicity naSalmonella typhimurium,maka clastogenicity/neuploidy na lymphocytes mmadụ nwere ọdịbendị, yana maka nsi na-egbu egbu na oke oke na oke, na-agbaso ụkpụrụ ule OECD ọkọlọtọ, dịka Ezi Laboratory Practice (GLP) siri dị.
• PEA ebuteghị mmụgharị na nyocha nje site na iji strains TA1535, TA97a, TA98, TA100, na TA102, yana ma ọ bụ na-enweghị mgbakwasa metabolic, na ntinye efere efere ma ọ bụ ụzọ preincubation mmiri.N'otu aka ahụ, PEA emeghị ka mmetụta genotoxic dị na mkpụrụ ndụ mmadụ na-agwọ maka 3 ma ọ bụ 24 h na-enweghị ọrụ metabolic, ma ọ bụ maka 3 h na-arụ ọrụ metabolic.
• Achọpụtara PEA nwere LD50 karịa oke oke nke 2000 mg/kg arọ ahụ (bw), na-eji OECD Acute Oral Up and Down Procedure.Usoro maka ọmụmụ ihe nrịbaụ ọnụ ọnụ nke ụbọchị 90 dabere na nsonaazụ sitere na ọmụmụ ụbọchị iri na anọ mbụ, ya bụ, 250, 500, na 1000 mg/kg bw / ụbọchị.
• Ọkwa enweghị mmetụta (NOEL) n'ime ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ subchronic abụọ bụ ọnụọgụ kachasị elu nwalere.

Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2016 Ọkt; 82 (4): 932-42 .

Palmitoylethanolamide maka ọgwụgwọ mgbu: pharmacokinetics, nchekwa na nrụpụta ọrụ

• Ebipụtala nnwale ụlọ ọgwụ iri na isii, akụkọ ikpe isii/ihe ọmụmụ pilot na meta-nyocha nke PEA dị ka analgesic n'akwụkwọ.
  • Maka oge ọgwụgwọ ruo ụbọchị 49, data ụlọ ọgwụ dị ugbu a na-arụ ụka megide mmeghachi omume ọjọọ nke ọgwụ ọjọọ (ADRs) na ọnọdụ nke

 

• Maka ọgwụgwọ na-adịgide karịa ụbọchị 60, ọnụọgụ ndị ọrịa ezughị oke iji wepụ ugboro ole ADR nke na-erughị 1/100.
• Ọnwụnwa ụlọ ọgwụ isii ebipụtara na-agbanwe agbanwe.Ngosipụta data na-enweghị ozi gbasara mgbasa ozi na enweghị akụkọ data n'oge ndị ọzọ karịa nleba anya ikpeazụ so na ihe ndị a chọpụtara.
• Ọzọkwa, ọ dịghị isi-na-isi ụlọ ọgwụ ntụnyere nke unmicronized vs. micronized formulations nke PEA, ya mere ihe àmà na-egosi na elu nke otu usoro karịa nke ọzọ ugbu a enweghị.
• Ka o sina dị, data ụlọ ọgwụ dịnụ na-akwado esemokwu ahụ na PEA nwere omume analgesic na-akpali akpali ọmụmụ ihe nke onyinye a, karịsịa n'ihe gbasara ntụnyere isi na isi nke usoro PEA na-enweghị micronized vs. micronized nke PEA na ntụnyere na ọgwụgwọ akwadoro ugbu a.

Ihe akaebe nke ụlọ ọgwụ

• Pụrụ icheNri maka ebumnuche ahụike, n'imeỌgwụgwọof Na-adịghị ala ala Mgbu
• Micronized palmitoylethanolamide na-ebelata ihe ndị ahụmgbaàmàof neuropathic mgbuna ọrịa shuga ndị ọrịa
• Palmitoylethanolamide, a neutraceutical, in akwara mkpakọ ọrịa syndrome: arụmọrụ na nchekwa in sciatic mgbu na ọwara carpal ọrịa ọrịa
• Palmitoylethanolamide in Fibromyalgia: Nsonaazụ si Atụrụ anya na Nleghachi azụ Nleba anya Ọmụmụ
• Ultra-micronized palmitoylethanolamide: dị irèọgwụgwọ adjuvantmakaỌrịa Parkinson

ọrịa.

• Na-adịghị ala ala pelvic mgbu, àgwà of ndu na mmekọahụ ahụike of ụmụ nwanyị mesoo ya na palmitoylethanolamide na α-lipoic acid
• Agbagharaghị ya ụlọ ọgwụ ikpe: nke analgesic Njirimara of nri mgbakwunyenwere palmitoylethanolamide na polydatineriri afọ mgbakasị ahụ ọrịa ọrịa.
• Co-ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide/Luteolin in nke Ọgwụgwọ of Ụbụrụ Ischemia: si Òké to

Nwoke

• Palmitoylethanolamide, a eke Retinoprotectant: Ya Putative Mkpa maka nke Ọgwụgwọof Glaucomana ọrịa shuga Retinopathy
• N-palmitoylethanolamine na N-acetylethanolamine bụ dị irè in asteatotic eczema: nsonaazụ of ọmụmụ ihe a na-achịkwaghị achịkwa, kpuru ìsì abụọ, na 60 ndị ọrịa

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dọkịta mgbu. 2016 Feb; 19 (2): 11-24 .

Palmitoylethanolamide, nri pụrụ iche maka ebumnuche ahụike, na ọgwụgwọ nke mgbu na-adịghị ala ala: Meta-Analysis A Pooled Data.

 

• N'azụ: Otu ihe akaebe na-eto eto na-egosi na neuroinflammation, nke a na-eji na ntinye nke mkpụrụ ndụ na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ, ịgbalite mkpụrụ ndụ mast na mkpụrụ ndụ glial, na mmepụta nke ndị mgbasa ozi na-egbuke egbuke na akụkụ ahụ na nke etiti ahụ, nwere ọrụ dị mkpa na ntinye na nlekọta nke na-adịghị ala ala. mgbu.Nchọpụta ndị a na-akwado echiche ahụ na ohere ọgwụgwọ ọhụrụ maka mgbu na-adịghị ala ala nwere ike ịdabere na ndị mgbasa ozi mgbochi mkpali na ndị na-edozi nsogbu nke na-eme ihe na mkpụrụ ndụ na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ, karịsịa mast sel na glia, iji belata ma ọ bụ kpochapụ neuroinflammation.

N'ime ndị ogbugbo egbugbere ọnụ na-egbochi mkpali na ndị na-edozi nsogbu, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) ka akọpụtala ka ọ na-emegharị mast cell ịgbalite yana ijikwa omume glial cell.

• Ebumnobi:Ebumnuche nke ọmụmụ a bụ ime nyocha meta-analysis iji nyochaa ịdị irè na nchekwa nke micronized na ultra-micronizedpalmitoylethanolamide (PEA) na oke mgbu na ndị ọrịa na-enwe mgbu na-adịghị ala ala na / ma ọ bụ neuropathic mgbu.
• MỤỤNhazi:Ntụle data agbakọtara nke nwere nnwale ụlọ ọgwụ nwere kpuru okpukpu abụọ, nke a na-achịkwa na nke mepere emepe.
• UZỌ:Ahọpụtara nnwale ụlọ ọgwụ kpuru okpukpu abụọ, nke a na-achịkwa na nke mepere emepe na-enyocha ọdụ data PubMed, Google Scholar na Cochrane, yana usoro nke nzukọ ọmụmụ sayensị.A na-eji okwu mgbu na-adịghị ala ala, mgbu neuropathic, na micronized na ultra-micronized PEA maka ọchụchọ ahụ.Nhọrọ nhọrọ gụnyere ịnweta data raw na ntụnyere n'etiti ngwaọrụ eji achọpụta ma chọpụta oke mgbu.Achịkọbara data raw sitere n'aka ndị ode akwụkwọ n'otu nchekwa data wee nyochaa ya site na Model Ngwakọta Linear Generalized.Mgbanwe nke mgbu na-aga n'ihu, nke a na-atụle site na ngwá ọrụ ndị yiri ya, na-enyochakwa site na nyocha regression post-hoc na atụmatụ Kaplan-Meier.Agụnyere ọmụmụ ihe iri na abụọ na nchịkọta meta-analytic, 3 n'ime ha bụ ule abụọ kpuru ìsì na-atụnyere ndị comparators na-arụ ọrụ vs placebo, 2 bụ ule na-emeghe akara vs usoro ọgwụgwọ ọkọlọtọ, na 7 bụ ule na-emeghe akara ngosi na-enweghị ndị comparators.
• Nsonaazụ:Nsonaazụ gosiri na PEA na-ebute mbelata na-aga n'ihu nke nhụjuanya mgbu dị elu karịa njikwa.Ogo mbelata nhata

Isi 1.04 kwa izu 2 nwere mgbanwe nzaghachi 35% nke usoro ahịrị kọwara.N'ụzọ dị iche, na mgbu nke otu nchịkwa, mbelata ike dị ka 0.20 isi kwa izu 2 na naanị 1% nke mgbanwe dị iche iche kọwara site na nlọghachi azụ.The Kaplan-Meier estimator gosiri akara mgbu = 3 na 81% nke PEA mesoro ndị ọrịa ma e jiri ya tụnyere naanị 40.9% na-achịkwa ndị ọrịa site na ụbọchị 60 nke ọgwụgwọ.Mmetụta PEA na-adabere na afọ onye ọrịa ma ọ bụ okike, ọ bụghịkwa ihe metụtara ụdị mgbu na-adịghị ala ala.

• OKWU:Kwesịrị ịrịba ama, ajọ omume ọjọọ metụtara PEA edebanyeghị aha yana/ma ọ bụ kọwapụta na ọmụmụ ọ bụla.
• NKWUBIOKWU:Nsonaazụ ndị a na-akwado na PEA nwere ike ịnọchite anya usoro ọgwụgwọ ọhụrụ na-atọ ụtọ iji jikwaa mgbu na-adịghị ala ala na neuropathic

jikọtara ya na neuroinflammation.

Ọgwụgwọ Res Pain. 2014;2014:849623 .

Micronized palmitoylethanolamide na-ebelata ihe mgbaàmà nke mgbu neuropathic na ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa shuga.

• Ọmụmụ ihe ugbu a nyochara irè nke

ọgwụgwọ micronized palmitoylethanolamide (PEA-m) na ibelata mgbaàmà na-egbu mgbu nke ndị ọrịa na-arịa ọrịa shuga nwere neuropathy peripheral na-enweta.

• A na-enye PEA-m (300 mg ugboro abụọ kwa ụbọchị) nye ndị ọrịa 30 na-arịa ọrịa shuga

na-arịa ọrịa shuga neuropathy na-egbu mgbu.

• Tupu ịmalite ọgwụgwọ, mgbe ụbọchị 30 na 60 gasịrị, a na-enyocha paramita ndị a: mgbaàmà na-egbu mgbu nke ọrịa shuga peripheral neuropathy na-eji Michigan Neuropathy Screening ngwá ọrụ;ike nke mgbaàmà e ji mara mgbu neuropathic ọrịa shuga site na ngụkọta akara akara;na ike nke subcategories dị iche iche nke mgbu neuropathic site na Neuropathic Pain Symptoms Inventory.A na-eme nyocha ọbara ọbara na nyocha ọbara iji nyochaa njikwa metabolic na nchekwa.
• Nyocha ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ (ANOVA) gosipụtara mbelata dị ukwuu na nhụjuanya mgbu (P <0.0001) na ihe mgbaàmà ndị metụtara ya (P <0.0001) nke Michigan Neuropathy Screening equipment enyocha, Total Symptom Score, na Neuropathic Pain Symptoms Inventory.
• Nyocha ọbara na mmamịrị egosighị mgbanwe ọ bụla metụtara ọgwụgwọ PEA-m, ọ nweghịkwa ihe ọjọọ dị njọ akọpụtaghị.
• Nsonaazụ ndị a na-egosi na PEA-m nwere ike iwere dị ka ọgwụgwọ ọhụrụ na-ekwe nkwa na nke anabatara nke ọma maka mgbaàmà mgbaàmà nke ndị ọrịa na-arịa ọrịa shuga na-arịa neuropathy peripheral.

J Pain Res. 2015 Ọkt 23;8:729-34 .

Palmitoylethanolamide, neutraceutical, na ọrịa mkpakọ akwara: nrụpụta na nchekwa na mgbu sciatic na ọrịa ọwara carpal.

 

 

• N'ebe a, anyị na-akọwa nsonaazụ nke ule ụlọ ọgwụ niile na-enyocha nrụpụta na nchekwa nke PEA na ọrịa mkpakọ akwara: mgbu na mgbu sciatic n'ihi ọrịa ọwara carpal, na nyochaa ihe akaebe ziri ezi na ụdị nkwụsị akwara.
  • Na mkpokọta, ebipụtala nnwale ụlọ ọgwụ asatọ na ọrịa ọnyà dị otú ahụ, yana ndị ọrịa 1,366 esonyela n'ule ndị a.
  • N'ime otu ihe dị mkpa, kpuru ìsì abụọ, ebe a na-achịkwa ebebo na ndị ọrịa 636 sciatic sciatic, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị mkpa iji mesoo iji ruo 50% mbelata mgbu ma e jiri ya tụnyere ntọala bụ 1.5 mgbe izu 3 gasịrị.
  • PEA gosipụtara na ọ dị irè ma dị mma na ọrịa mkpakọ akwara, ọ nweghị mmekọrịta ọgwụ ma ọ bụ mmetụta ndị na-akpata nsogbu akọwara.
  • Ekwesịrị ịtụle PEA dị ka nhọrọ ọgwụgwọ ọhụrụ yana nchekwa maka ọrịa mkpakọ akwara.
    • Ebe ọ bụ na a na-enyekarị pregabaline co-analgesic

ka ọ ghara ịdị irè na mgbu sciatic na nyocha ịba ụba okpukpu abụọ.

• Ndị dọkịta anaghị ama mgbe niile maka PEA dị ka ihe dị mkpa na nchekwa ọzọ maka opioids na co-analgesics na ọgwụgwọ nke mgbu neuropathic.

 

 

NNT nke PEA ga-eru 50%

Mbelata mgbu

 

PEA, palmitoylethanolamide;VAS, ọnụ ọgụgụ analog visual;NNT, nọmba achọrọ iji gwọọ

Mgbu Ther. 2015 Dec; 4 (2): 169-78 .

Palmitoylethanolamide na Fibromyalgia: Nsonaazụ sitere na Ọmụmụ Ihe Nleba anya na Nleghachi azụ.

 

Duloxetine + pregabalin

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mbelata n'ọnụọgụ ihe dị nro dị mma

 

 

 

Mbelata ike mgbu site na nha VAS.

Ebumnuche CNS Neurol Disord ọgwụ. 21 Maachị 2017.

Ultra-micronized palmitoylethanolamide: ọgwụgwọ adjuvant dị mma maka ọrịa Parkinson.

N'azụ:Ọrịa Parkinson (PD) bụ isiokwu a na-agbasi mbọ ike ịmepụta atụmatụ na-ebelata ma ọ bụ kwụsị ọganihu ọrịa na nkwarụ.Nnukwu ihe akaebe na-arụtụ aka na ọrụ pụtara ìhè maka neuroinflammation na ọnwụ mkpụrụ ndụ dopaminergic dị n'okpuru.Ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide (um-PEA) bụ onye amara nke ọma maka ikike ya ịkwalite mkpebi nke neuroinflammation na itinye ihe mgbochi neuroprotection.Emebere ọmụmụ a iji chọpụta ịdị irè nke um-PEA dị ka ọgwụgwọ adjuvant na ndị ọrịa nwere PD dị elu.

UZỌ:Ndị ọrịa PD iri atọ na-anata levodopa gụnyere n'ọmụmụ ihe ahụ.A na-eji akwụkwọ ajụjụ nyochagharị- Movement Disorder Society/Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) nyochaa moto na ihe mgbaàmà na-abụghị moto.Emere nyocha ụlọ ọgwụ tupu na mgbe mgbakwunye um-PEA (600 mg).MDS-UPDRS ngụkọta akara ajụjụ maka akụkụ I, II, III, na IV ka a tụlere site na iji Usoro Ngwakọta Ngwakọta Linear, nke Wilcoxon bịanyere aka na ya n'ule sochiri iji nyochaa ọdịiche nke akara ihe nke ọ bụla n'etiti ntọala na njedebe nke um-PEA. ọgwụgwọ.

Nsonaazụ:Mgbakwunye um-PEA na ndị ọrịa PD na-anata ọgwụgwọ levodopa kpalitere mbelata dị ukwuu na nke na-aga n'ihu na ngụkọta MDS-UPDRS (akụkụ I, II, III na IV).Maka ihe ọ bụla, ọdịiche akara akara dị n'etiti ntọala na njedebe nke ọgwụgwọ um-PEA gosipụtara mbelata dị ukwuu na ọtụtụ mgbaàmà na-abụghị moto na moto.Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọrịa nwere mgbaàmà na basal belatara mgbe otu afọ ọgwụgwọ um-PEA gasịrị.Ọ dịghị onye n'ime ndị so na ya kọrọ mmetụta ndị sitere na mgbakwunye nke um-PEA.

NKWUBIOKWU:um-PEA belatara ọganihu ọrịa na nkwarụ na ndị ọrịa PD, na-atụ aro na um-PEA nwere ike ịbụ ọgwụgwọ adjuvant dị mma maka PD.

Minerva Ginecol. 2015 Ọkt; 67 (5): 413-9 .

Ihe mgbu pelvic na-adịghị ala ala, ogo ndụ na ahụike mmekọahụ nke ụmụ nwanyị ejiri palmitoylethanolamide na α-lipoic acid gwọọ.

• Ebumnuche nke akwụkwọ a bụ iji nyochaa mmetụta nke otu ahụ

n'etiti palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) na α-lipoic acid (LA) na ịdịmma ndụ (QoL) na ọrụ mmekọahụ na ụmụ nwanyị na-emetụta ihe mgbu pelvic metụtara endometriosis.

• Ụmụ nwanyị iri ise na isii mejupụtara otu ọmụmụ ihe wee nye PEA 300 mg na LA 300mg ugboro abụọ kwa ụbọchị.
• Iji kọwapụta ihe mgbu pelvic metụtara endometriosis, a na-eji ihe nlele anya (VAS) mee ihe.Ụdị Short-36 (SF-36), Index Ọrụ Mmekọahụ nke Nwanyị (FSFI) na Ahụhụ Mmekọahụ Mmekọahụ (FSDS) ka ejiri mee nyocha QoL, ọrụ mmekọahụ na nsogbu mmekọahụ, n'otu n'otu.Ọmụmụ ihe ahụ gụnyere ntinye atọ na 3, 6 na 9 ọnwa.
• Enweghị mgbanwe ọ bụla a hụrụ na mgbu, QoL na ọrụ mmekọahụ na ntinye ọnwa 3rd (P = NS).Site na 6th na 9th ọnwa, mgbaàmà mgbu (P <0.001) na ụdị niile nke QoL (P <0.001) ka mma.FSFI na akara FSDS agbanweghị na nlebanya ọnwa nke atọ (P=ns).N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, na 3rd na 9th ọnwa na-esochi ha kwalitere n'ihe gbasara ntọala (P <0.001).
• Mbelata na-aga n'ihu nke ọrịa mgbu nke ụmụ nwanyị na-akọ na oge ọgwụgwọ nwere ike inye aka mee ka QoL na ndụ mmekọahụ nke ụmụ nwanyị dịkwuo mma na PEA na LA.

Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2017 Maachị 31;89 (1):17-21 .

Mmetụta nke mkpakọrịta nke palmitoylethanolamide na alfa-lipoic acid na ndị ọrịa nwere prostatitis na-adịghị ala ala / ọrịa mgbu pelvic na-adịghị ala ala: nnwale ụlọ ọgwụ na-enweghị usoro.

• N'azụ:Prostatitis na-adịghị ala ala / ọrịa mgbu pelvic na-adịghị ala ala (CP / CPPS) bụ ọnọdụ dị mgbagwoju anya, nke etiology na-ejighị n'aka na site na nzaghachi dị nta na ọgwụgwọ.Nkọwa nke CP/CPPS na-agụnye mgbu genitourinary na ma ọ bụ na-enweghị ihe mgbaàmà na-abaghị uru na-enweghị nje bacteria uropathogenic, dị ka achọpụtara site na usoro microbiological ọkọlọtọ, ma ọ bụ ihe ọzọ kpatara ya dị ka malignancy.Atụlela ịdị irè nke ọgwụgwọ ahụike dị iche iche, na nyocha ụlọ ọgwụ, mana ihe akaebe adịghị ụkọ ma ọ bụ esemokwu.Anyị tụlere Serenoa Repens na monotherapy megide Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) yana njikọ Alfa-lipoic acid (ALA) wee nyochaa ịdị irè nke ọgwụgwọ ndị a na ndị ọrịa nwere CP/CPPS.
• UZỌ:Anyị mere nnwale na-enweghị usoro, otu kpuru ìsì.Ndị ọrịa 44 chọpụtara na ha nwere CP/CPPS (pụtara afọ

41.32 ± 1.686 afọ) ka enyere ọgwụgwọ na Palmitoylethanolamide 300 mg gbakwunyere Alpha-lipoic acid 300 mg (Peanase®), ma ọ bụ Serenoa Repens na 320 mg.A na-enye akwụkwọ nyocha atọ (NIH-CPSI, IPSS na IIEF5) na ntọala na mgbe izu iri na abụọ gasịrị na otu ọ bụla.

• Nsonaazụ:Ọgwụgwọ izu iri na abụọ na Peanase mere ka akara IPSS dịkwuo mma ma e jiri ya tụnyere otu oge ọgwụgwọ Serenoa Repens na-eme, ma belata akara NIH-CPSI nke ukwuu.Ahụrụ nsonaazụ ndị yiri ya na ọnụọgụ NIH-CPSI dị iche iche mebiri.Agbanyeghị, otu ọgwụgwọ ahụ ebuteghị mmụba dị ukwuu nke akara IIEF5.Ọgwụgwọ abụọ ahụ arụpụtaghị mmetụta na-adịghị mma.
• NKWUBIOKWU: Nsonaazụ dị ugbu a na-edepụta nrụpụta ọrụ nke otu Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) na Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) enyere maka izu iri na abụọ maka ọgwụgwọ ndị ọrịa nwere CP/CPPS, ma e jiri ya tụnyere Serenoa Repens monotherapy.

Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Febụwarị 6.

Randomized clinical ikpe: ihe analgesic Njirimara nkenri mgbakwunye

nwere palmitoylethanolamide na polydatin na ọrịa afọ mgbakasị ahụ.

 

• N'azụ:Ịgbalite mgbochi eriri afọ na-etinye aka na ọrịa bowel syndrome (IBS) pathophysiology.Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ụzọ nri nri na IBS gụnyere izere nri, enwere ihe ngosi ole na ole na mgbakwunye nri.Palmithoylethanolamide, nke jikọtara ya na endocannabinoid anandamide, na polydatin bụ ogige nri nke na-eme synergistically iji belata ọrụ mast cell.
• Ebumnobi:Iji nyochaa mmetụta na ọnụ ọgụgụ mast cell yana ịdị irè nke palmithoylethanolamide / polydatin na ndị ọrịa nwere IBS.
• UZỌ:Anyị na-eduzi onye na-anya ụgbọelu, 12-izu, randomized, okpukpu abụọ-kpuru, placebo-achịkwa, multicentre ọmụmụ na-enyocha mmetụta nke palmithoylethanolamide / polydatin 200 mg / 20 mg ma ọ bụ placebo bd na obere ọkwa nchịkwa nchịkwa, usoro endocannabinoid na mgbaàmà na ndị ọrịa IBS. .A na-enyocha ihe nlele biopsy, nke enwetara na nleta nyocha na na njedebe nke ọmụmụ ihe site na immunohistochemistry, immunoassay jikọtara enzyme, chromatography mmiri na Western blot.
• Nsonaazụ:Ngụkọta nke ndị ọrịa 54 nwere IBS na njikwa ahụike 12 debara aha site na etiti Europe ise.E jiri ya tụnyere njikwa, ndị ọrịa IBS gosipụtara ọnụ ọgụgụ cell mucosal mast dị elu (3.2 ± 1.3 vs. 5.3 ± 2.7%,

P = 0.013), belatara fatty acid amide oleoylethanolamide (12.7 ± 9.8 vs. 45.8 ± 55.6 pmol / mg, P = 0.002) na ụbara okwu nke cannabinoid receptor 2 (0.7 ± 0.1 vs. 1.0 ± 0.8, P2).Ọgwụgwọ ahụ emeghị ka profaịlụ IBS gbanwee nke ọma, gụnyere ọnụ ọgụgụ mast cell.E jiri ya tụnyere placebo, palmithoylethanolamide/polydatin mere ka oke mgbu afọ dịkwuo mma (P <0.05).

• NKWUBIOKWU:Mmetụta pụtara ìhè nke mgbakwunye nri palmithoylethanolamide / polydatin na mgbu afọ na ndị ọrịa nwere IBS na-egosi na nke a bụ ụzọ okike na-ekwe nkwa maka njikwa mgbu na ọnọdụ a.Achọkwu ọmụmụ ihe ugbu a iji kọwaa usoro nke palmithoylethanolamide/polydatin na IBS.Nọmba ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT01370720.

Transl Stroke Res. 2016 Feb; 7 (1): 54-69 .

Co-ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide/Luteolin na ọgwụgwọ Cerebral Ischemia: site na Rodent ruo mmadụ.

 

 

 

A na-enye ndị ọrịa Glialia® ụbọchị 60.

Ụkpụrụ Barthel Index bụ 26.6 ± 1.69, 48.3 ± 1.91, na 60.5 ± 1.95 na T0 (242).

Ndị ọrịa), T30 (ndị ọrịa 229), na T60 (218

ndị ọrịa), n'otu n'otu.

Enwere nnukwu ọdịiche dị na nkwalite n'etiti T0 na T30 (***)p<0.0001) na n'etiti T0 na T60 (###p<0.0001).Ọzọkwa, enwere nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti T30 na T60.p<0.0001).

Ndị ọrịa nwanyị gosipụtara ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala karịa ụmụ nwoke, na nkwarụ ka njọ na ndị ọrịa nọ n'ụlọ ọgwụ

Drug Des Devel Ther. 2016 Sep 27;10:3133-3141 .

Resolvins na aliamides: lipid autacoids na ophthalmology - kedu nkwa ha kwere?

• Resolvins (Rvs) bụ klaasị ọhụrụ nkemolekul endogenous nke lipid enwetara(autacoids) nwere ikike immunomodulating siri ike, nke na-ahazi usoro mkpebi nke nzaghachi mgbochi na-arụ ọrụ.
  • A na-emepụta ihe ndị a na-agbanwe agbanwe na mpaghara, na-emetụta ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ na/ma ọ bụ anụ ahụ, nke a na-emepụta na ọchịchọ ma mechaa metabolized n'ime otu sel na/ma ọ bụ anụ ahụ.
  • Autacoid pharmacology, nke mepụtara na 1970s, ọgwụ autacoid bụ ma ọ bụ ogige nke onwe ya ma ọ bụ ndị na-ebute ụzọ ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ sitere na ya, ọkacha mma dabere na kemịkalụ dị mfe, dị ka 5-hydrxytryptophan, onye na-ebu ụzọ maka serotonin.
  • Isi ọrụ nke autacoids nke klaasị ndị a bụ igbochi hyperactivated dịghịzi cascades ma si otú a na-eme dị ka “nkwụsị” mgbaàmà na mbufụt Filiks ma ọ bụrụ na-aghọ pathological.
    • N'afọ 1993, onye Nobel Laureate Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909-2012) chepụtara okwu ahụ bụ "aliamides" maka ogige ndị dị otú ahụ, mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na igbochi na ịmegharị ọrụ palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) na sel mast na-arụ ọrụ.
    • Echiche nke aliamides sitere na mkpịrịokwuALIA: mbufụt mpaghara autacoid onye mmegide.
    • Okwu ahụ chọtara ụzọ n'ime ubi nkeN-acetylethanolamides autacoids, dị ka PEA, ọ bụ ezie na "aliamide" bụ Levi-Montalcini kọwara dịka echiche akpa maka ndị mgbasa ozi na-egbochi egbugbere ọnụ na-modulating.Nke ahụ ga-agụnye Rvs, protectins na maresins.
    • Rvs bụ metabolites nke polyunsaturated ω-3 fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), na docosapentaenoic acid (DPA).
      • A na-akpọ metabolites nke EPA E Rvs (RvEs), ndị DHA ka a na-akpọ D Rvs (RvDs), na ndị DPA ka a na-akpọ Rvs D.

(RvDsn-3DPA) na Rvs T (RvTs).

• A na-enweta nchebe na maresin site na ω-3 fatty acid DHA.

Ophthalmol J. 2015;2015:430596 .

Palmitoylethanolamide, Onye na-ahụ maka Retinoprotectant eke: mkpa ya dị mkpa maka ọgwụgwọ Glaucoma na ọrịa mamịrị retinopathy.

 

Retinopathy bụ ihe iyi egwu na-ahụ anya, glaucoma na ọrịa shuga bụ isi ihe na-akpata mmebi nke mkpụrụ ndụ retina.Nghọta ndị na-adịbeghị anya gosipụtara ụzọ nje na-emekarị maka nsogbu abụọ ahụ, dabere na mbufụt na-adịghị ala ala.

A tụlere PEA maka glaucoma, ọrịa mamịrị retinopathy, na uveitis, steeti pathological dabere na mbufụt na-adịghị ala ala, ọrịa iku ume, na ọrịa mgbu dị iche iche n'ọtụtụ nnwale ụlọ ọgwụ kemgbe 70s nke narị afọ nke 20.

A nwalere PEA n'ime opekata mpe ọmụmụ 9 abụọ kpuru ìsì, n'ime nke ọmụmụ abụọ dị na glaucoma, wee chọpụta na ọ dị mma ma dị irè ruo 1.8 g / ụbọchị, yana oke nnabata.Ya mere, PEA nwere nkwa na ọgwụgwọ nke ọtụtụ retinopathies.

PEA dị ka mgbakwunye nri (PeaPure) yana dịka nri nri maka ebumnuche ahụike na Italy (Normast, PeaVera, na Visimast).

A na-ama ọkwa ngwaahịa ndị a na Italy maka nkwado nri na glaucoma na neuroinflammation.Anyị na-atụle PEA dị ka ihe mgbochi mgbochi mkpali na retinoprotectant compound na ọgwụgwọ retinopathies, karịsịa metụtara glaucoma na ọrịa shuga.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ebumnuche molekụla dị iche iche nke PEA.PPAR: peroxisome proliferator na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma;GPR-55: 119-orphan G-protein jikọtara ndị na-anabata ya;CCL: ligand chemokine;COX: cyclooxygenase;iNOS: nitric oxide synthase inducible;TRPV: subfamily V;IL: interleukin;Kv1.5,4.3: potassium voltaji gated ọwa;Toll-4 R: ihe nkwụnye ụgwọ dị ka onye natara.

Clin Interv ịka nká. 2014 Jul 17;9:1163-9 .

N-palmitoylethanolamine na N-acetylethanolamine na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na asteatotic eczema: nsonaazụ nke usoro ọmụmụ, nke na-ekpuchi anya abụọ, na-achịkwa na ndị ọrịa 60.

 

 

 

• N'azụ:Ihe e ji mara Asteatotic eczema (AE) site n'akpụkpọ ahụ na-akpụ akpụ, na-akọrọ, nke siri ike na nke na-akpụ akpụ.Ọgwụgwọ maka AE na-abụkarị ihe na-ekpo ọkụ, na-enwekarị urea, lactic acid, ma ọ bụ nnu lactate.N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) na N-acetylethanolamine (AEA) bụ egbugbere ọnụ endogenous ejiri mee ihe dị ka ngwaọrụ ọgwụgwọ ọhụrụ na ọgwụgwọ nke ọtụtụ ọrịa anụ ahụ.Ebumnuche nke ọmụmụ ihe a bụ iji tụnyere PEA/AEA emollient na omenala emollient na ọgwụgwọ AE.
• UZỌ:A na-eme otu monocentric, randomized, kpuru ìsì abụọ, nyocha ntule na ndị ọrịa 60 AE iji nyochaa ma tụnyere ịdị irè nke ihe abụọ ahụ.Ọkwa nkụ nke akpụkpọ ahụ n'etiti ihe ndị ahụ sitere na obere nwayọọ ruo na-agafeghị oke.A nwalere ọrụ mgbochi akpụkpọ anụ nke isiokwu ndị a na ọnụ ụzọ nghọta ugbu a maka ụbọchị 28 site na akara ụlọ ọgwụ na teknụzụ bioengineering.
• Nsonaazụ:Nsonaazụ gosiri na, ọ bụ ezie na akụkụ ụfọdụ na-emeziwanye na otu abụọ ahụ, otu ahụ na-eji emollient nwere PEA / AEA gosipụtara mgbanwe elu akpụkpọ ahụ ka mma na ikike.Otú ọ dị, nchọpụta kachasị dị egwu bụ ike nke PEA / AEA emollient iji mee ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nghọta 5 Hz dị ugbu a na ọkwa nkịtị mgbe ụbọchị 7 gasịrị, na-enwe nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụkpụrụ na ntọala na mgbe ụbọchị 14 gasịrị.Ọnụ ụzọ nghọta dị ugbu a nke 5 Hz bụ nke ọma na nke ọma jikọtara ya na hydration elu akpụkpọ ahụ yana njikọ na-adịghị mma na mfu mmiri transepidermal na PEA/AEA emollient group.
• NKWUBIOKWU: E jiri ya tụnyere ihe na-ekpo ọkụ ọdịnala, itinye ihe na-ekpo ọkụ n'elu PEA/AEA mgbe niile nwere ike imeziwanye ọrụ anụ ahụ na-agafe agafe na nke na-arụ ọrụ n'otu oge.

 

 

Mgbanwe na hydration elu akpụkpọ ahụ n'ime ụbọchị 28

 

 

E jiri ya tụnyere emollient ọdịnala, PEA/AEA emollient nwere ike jikwaa ma ọrụ anụ ahụ “na-agafe agafe” na “na-arụsi ọrụ ike” n'otu oge, gụnyere mmeghari akpụkpọ ahụ na mweghachi nke lipid lamellae, mmetụta anụ ahụ na ikike mgbochi.

 

Kedu ka PEA si arụ ọrụ

• Usoro (s) nke ime ihePEA gụnyeremmetụta ya na nukliaonye nnataPPARA(Gabrielsson et al., 2016).
• Ọ na-agụnye sel mast, cannabinoidonye nnataụdị 2 (CB2) -dị kacannabinoidndị na-anabata ya,ATP-potassium-ọwa, na-adịru nwa ogeonye nnataikike (TRP) ọwa, na nukliaiheagba B (NFkB).
• Ọ nwere ikeemetụtaendocannabinoid nrịbama site n'ime ihe dị ka asọmpimkpụrụ makaendocannabinoid homologue anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine).
• Axis-ụbụrụ: Ọrụ nke lipids na iwu nke mbufụt, mgbu na CNS ọrịa.

 

 

 

 

 

Curr Med Chem. 2017 Feb

16.

Gut-ụbụrụ axis: Ọrụ nke lipids na nhazi nke mbufụt, mgbu na ọrịa CNS.

 

 

 

 

 

 

• Gọọmenti mmadụ bụ gburugburu anaerobic mejupụtara nke nwere nnukwu microbiota enteric dị iche iche, nke nwere ihe karịrị 100 trillion microorganisms nọchiri anya ya, gụnyere opekata mpe ụdị 1000 dị iche iche.
• Nchọpụta na ihe mejupụtara microbial dị iche nwere ike imetụta omume na nghọta, na n'aka nke usoro ahụ ụjọ ahụ nwere ike imetụta ihe mejupụtara microbiota enteric n'ụzọ na-edoghị anya, enyela aka n'ụzọ pụtara ìhè iji guzobe echiche anabatara nke ọma nke axis-ụbụrụ.

 

• A na-akwado nkwupụta a site n'ọtụtụ ihe akaebe na-egosi usoro mmekọrịta, nke gụnyere akwara na-edoghị anya, usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis modulation na nje bacteria na-enweta.

metabolites.

 

• Ọtụtụ ọmụmụ lekwasịrị anya n'ịkọwa ọrụ maka axis na ahụike na ọrịa, sitere na nsogbu ndị metụtara nrụgide dị ka ịda mbà n'obi, nchekasị na ọrịa bowel na-agbakasị ahụ (IBS) na ọrịa neurodevelopmental, dị ka autism, na ọrịa neurodegenerative, dị ka Parkinson. Ọrịa, ọrịa Alzheimer wdg.

 

• Dabere na ndabere a, ma na-atụle mkpa mgbanwe nke ọnọdụ symbiotic n'etiti ndị ọbịa na microbiota, nyocha a na-elekwasị anya na ọrụ na ntinye aka nke lipids bioactive, dị ka ezinụlọ N-acylethanolamine (NAE) nke ndị isi ya bụ N-arachidonoylethanolamine. (AEA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) na oleoilethanolamide (OEA), na obere yinye fatty acids (SCFAs), dị ka butyrate, nke otu nnukwu ìgwè nke lipids bioactive nwere ike gbanwee usoro mpụta na etiti pathologic.

 

• Ọ na-ọma guzosie ike ha irè ọrụ na mbufụt, nnukwu na-adịghị ala ala mgbu, oké ibu na Central ụjọ usoro ọrịa.Egosipụtala mmekọrịta dị n'etiti lipids na gut microbiota site na usoro dị iche iche.N'ezie, nchịkwa usoro nke nje bacteria pụrụ iche nwere ike ibelata mgbu afọ site na ntinye aka nke cannabinoid receptor 1 na oke;N'aka nke ọzọ, PEA na-ebelata ihe nrịbama ọkụ na ụdị murine nke ọrịa obi na-egbuke egbuke (IBD), na butyrate, nke a na-emepụta site na gut microbiota, dị irè n'ibelata mbufụt na mgbu na ọrịa obi mgbakasị ahụ na ụdị anụmanụ IBD.

 

• Na nyocha a, anyị na-egosipụta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mbufụt, mgbu, microbiota na lipids dị iche iche, na-elekwasị anya na ntinye aka nke NAE na SCFAs na eriri ụbụrụ ụbụrụ na ọrụ ha na ọrịa nke etiti ụbụrụ.

Mmetụta nke palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) na Akt/mTOR/p70S6K axis activation na HIF-1a okwu na DSS-induced colitis na na ulcerative colitis.

 

 

 

PLoS Otu.2016;11 (5): e0156198.

 

 

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) na-egbochi angiogenesis metụtara colitis na ụmụ oke.(A) colitis kpatara DSS kpatara mmụba dị ịrịba ama nke Hb-ọdịnaya na mucosa colonic, PEA nwere ike ibelata, n'ụdị dabere na dose, ọdịnaya Hb na ụmụ oke colitis;mmetụta a nọgidere n'ihu PPARγ antagonist (GW9662) ebe PPARA antagonist (MK866) mebiri ya.(B) Ihe onyonyo immunohistochemical na-egosi ngosipụta nke CD31 na ụmụ oke na-adịghị agwọ ọrịa (panel 1), DSS-emeso ụmụ oke colonic mucosa (panel 2), DSS-emeso ụmụ oke colonic mucosa n'ihu PEA (10 mg/Kg) naanị (panel). 3), PEA (10 mg/Kg) gbakwunyere MK866 10 mg/Kg (panel 4), na PEA (10 mg/Kg) gbakwunyere GW9662 1 mg/Kg (panel 5).Nkwalite 20X;ọnụ ọgụgụ mmanya: 100μm.Eserese ahụ chịkọtara ọnụ ọgụgụ nke CD31 okwu (%) na mucosa ụmụ oke na otu nnwale ahụ, na-egosi mbelata okwu CD31 na ụmụ oke colitic mgbe nchịkwa PEA gasịrị, ewezuga otu ahụ na-emeso ya na onye na-emegide PPARA.

(C) Mwepụta VEGF butere mmụba na ụmụ oke ndị DSS gwọchara yana ọgwụgwọ PEA belatara ya nke ukwuu n'ụzọ dabere na PPARA.(D) Western blot analysis na

Nyocha densitometric ikwu (ngalaba aka ike na-ahazi na ngosipụta nke protein β-actin) nke nkwupụta VEGF-receptor (VEGF-R), na-egosi nsonaazụ yiri ya na ntọhapụ VEGF.A na-akọwapụta nsonaazụ dịka ọ pụtara ±SD.*p<0.05, **p<0.01 na ***p<0.001 megide ụmụ oke ndị DSS mesoro

PLoS Otu.2016;11 (5): e0156198.

Sci Rep. 2017 Maachị 23;7 (1):375 .

Palmitoylethanolamide na-ebute mgbanwe microglia jikọtara ya na mmụba na-abawanye na ọrụ phagocytic: itinye aka nke onye na-anabata CB2.

 

• E gosiputara endogenous fatty acid amide palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) ka ọ na-eme ihe mgbochi mkpali tumadi site na mgbochi nke mwepụta nke ụmụ irighiri ihe na-akpata mkpali sitere na sel mast, monocytes na macrophages.Ịkwalite usoro endocannabinoid (eCB) na-apụtaghị ìhè bụ otu n'ime usoro dị iche iche a na-eme atụmatụ iji mee ka mmetụta dị iche iche nke PEA dị na vivo.
• N'ime ọmụmụ ihe a, anyị na-eji microglia oke omenala na macrophages mmadụ iji nyochaa ma PEA ọ na-emetụta akara eCB.
• Achọpụtara PEA ka ọ na-amụba CB2 mRNA na okwu protein site na mmeghe-a (PPAR-α) na-arụ ọrụ peroxisome proliferator.
  • E gosipụtara usoro nhazi mkpụrụ ndụ ọhụrụ a site na: (i)

ọgwụgwọ PPAR-α ọgwụ, (ii) PPAR-a mRNA ịgbachi nkịtị,

(iii) chromatin immunoprecipitation.

• Ọzọkwa, ikpughe na PEA butere mgbanwe morphological jikọtara ya na microglial phenotype na-emeghachi omume, gụnyere phagocytosis na-abawanye na ọrụ ọpụpụ.
• Nchọpụta anyị na-atụ aro ka usoro microglial CB2R na-apụtaghị ìhè dị ka usoro ọhụrụ enwere ike na-akpata mmetụta nke PEA.Enwere ike nyochaa PEA dị ka ngwá ọrụ bara uru maka igbochi / ịgwọ ọrịa mgbaàmà metụtara neuroinflammation na nsogbu CNS.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nlereanya nke 2-AG metabolism na ntinye aka ya nwere ike ime na mgbu mgbu.Enzymes na-emezi 2-AG metabolism.Metabolism 2-AG na-eme site na hydrolysis site na monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), na-enye arachidonic acid, nke emesịa ghọọ eicosanoids site na COX na LOX enzymes.Na mgbakwunye, 2-AG nwere ike metabolized n'ime prostaglandin glycerol esters (PG-Gs) site na COX-2 na hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid glycerol esters (HETE-Gs) site na LOX enzymes.

 

 

Mgbu. 2015 Feb; 156 (2): 341-7 .

Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2017 Feb 27;5 (2): e00300 .

Ngwakọta mgbochi mkpali palmitoylethanolamide na-egbochi mmepụta prostaglandin na hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid site na eriri cell macrophage.

 

Mmetụta PEA na ọkwa nke (A) PGD2;(B) PGE2;(C) 11-HETE;(D) 15-ETE;(E) 9-HODE na (F) 13-HODE n'ime

LPS + IFNγsel RAW264.7 a na-agwọ.

Agbakwunyere mkpụrụ ndụ (2.5 × 105 kwa olulu mmiri) na efere olulu mmiri isii nwere LPS (0.1).μg/ml nke ọma) na INFγ (100 U/ml) ma mee ya na 37 Celsius C maka awa 24.PEA (3μmol/L, P3;ma ọ bụ 10μmol/L, P10) ma ọ bụ ụgbọ ala agbakwunyere na mmalite nke oge omenala a ("24 h") ma ọ bụ maka 30 min mgbe LPS + INF gasịrị.γ Usoro nnabata ("30 min").

NkeP ụkpụrụ sitere na ụdị ahịrị maka nsonaazụ bụ isi naanị (ahịrị atọ kachasị elu,ti = akụrụngwa oge, yana 30 min dị ka uru nrụtụ aka) ma ọ bụ maka ihe atụ gụnyere mmekọrịta (ala ahịrị abụọ n'okpuru), gbakọọ site na iji.tNkesa ekpebiela site na bootstrap nwere nlele nnọchi (10,000 iterations) nke data n'okpuru echiche efu.Ndị nwere ike ime na ndị nwere ike ịpụta, nke akpọrọ na igbe igbe Boxplot (Tukey), ka egosiri dị ka triangles na square uhie, n'otu n'otu.Agụnyere ihe ndị nwere ike ịpụta na nyocha ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ, ebe a na-ewepụ ihe nwere ike ime.Ogwe ndị ahụ na-anọchi anya ụkpụrụ etiti ka ewepụrụ ihe ngosi ahụ nwere ike ịbụ (n = 11–12).Maka 11-HETE, ndịP ụkpụrụ maka nhazi data niile (ntụgharị gụnyere ihe nwere ike ịpụta) bụ:ti, 0,87;P3, 0,86;P10, 0.0020;ti × P3, 0,83;ti x P10, 0,93.

 

Oriri agwa

 

• PEA dị ugbu a n'ụwa niile n'ụdị mgbakwunye nri, nri ahụike, na / ma ọ bụ nutraceuticals n'ụdị dị iche iche, yana na enweghị ihe mgbakwunye (Hesselink na Kopsky, 2015).
• A na-ere PEA ugbu a maka ọgwụgwọ anụmanụ (ọnọdụ akpụkpọ ahụ, Redonyl ™, nke Innovet rụpụtara) yana dị ka ihe na-edozi ahụ n'ime mmadụ (Normast ™ na Pelvilen ™, nke Epitech rụpụtara; PeaPure ™, nke JP Russel Science Ltd mepụtara) na ụfọdụ mba Europe. (dịka Italy, Spain na Netherlands) (Gabrielsson et al., 2016).
• Ọ bụkwa ihe mejupụtara ude (Physiogel AI™, nke Stiefel rụpụtara) nke a na-ere maka akpụkpọ akọrọ (Gabrielsson et al., 2016).
• A na-edebanye aha PEA Ultramicronized dị ka nri maka ebumnuche pụrụ iche site n'aka Ministry of Health nke Ịtali ma ejighị ya mee ihe na mgbu neuropathic (Andersen et al., 2015).
• Nchịkwa nri na ọgwụ ọjọọ (FDA) enyochabeghị nchekwa nke PEA.Enweghị iwu na US nyere ikike iji PEA dị ka ihe mgbakwunye nri ma ọ bụ ihe GRAS.

 

 

FDA na nri ahụike

• Na US, nri ahụike bụ ụdị ngwaahịa pụrụ iche nke FDA na-ahazi.

• Na Europe, otu yiri nke a na-akpọ "Nri maka ebumnuche ahụike pụrụ iche" (FSMPs) bụ ntụziaka nri maka ihe oriri pụrụ iche nke European Commission (EC) na-achịkwa.
• N'afọ 1988, FDA mere usoro iji kwalite mmepe nke ụdị nri ahụike site na ịnye ọkwa ọgwụ mgbei na ngwaahịa.
  • Mgbanwe usoro iwu ndị a na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa na oge metụtara iweta nri ahụike n'ahịa, ebe a na-emeso nri ọgwụ na mbụ dị ka ọgwụ ọgwụ.
  • Achọghị ka nri ọgwụ ọgwụ nweta nyocha ma ọ bụ nnabata nke FDA.Na mgbakwunye, a gụpụrụ ha na akara akara chọrọ maka nkwupụta ahụike yana nkwuputa ọdịnaya nri n'okpuru Iwu Nutrition Labeling na Education nke 1990.
    • N'adịghị ka ihe mgbakwunye nri, nke amachibidoro ikwupụta ọrịa na ebum n'obi maka ndị nwere ahụike, e bu n'obi nri ahụike maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrịa.
    • Ekwesịrị ịkwado nkwuputa ọrịa site na ezigbo akaebe sayensị na-akwado nkwuputa njikwa nri nke ọrịa ahụ na-aga nke ọma.
    • A ga-akwadorịrị ihe mgbakwunye nri ma ọ bụ kewaa ya dị ka GRAS.

 

FDA na nri ahụike

 

• FDA US na-akọwapụta nri ahụike dị ka otu ụdị ihe ezubere maka nlekọta nri ụlọ ọgwụ nke otu ọnọdụ ma ọ bụ ọrịa.Nkọwa akọwapụtara nke dị mkpa iji nweta aha FDA a gụnyere na ngwaahịa a ga-abụrịrị:
  • Nri edoziri nke ọma maka iri ọnụ ma ọ bụ n'ime ime;
  • Maka nlekọta nri ụlọ ọgwụ nke otu nsogbu ahụike, ọrịa ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ na-adịghị mma nke enwere ihe oriri pụrụ iche maka ya;
  • Emere ya na ihe ndị a na-amatakarị dị ka ihe nchekwa (GRAS);
  • Na nrube isi na iwu FDA nke gbasara akara, nkwuputa ngwaahịa na

mmepụta ihe.

• Dị ka usoro ọgwụgwọ, nri ahụike dị iche na ma ọgwụ na mgbakwunye.
  • Akara akara ga-agụnye nkebi ahịrịokwu ahụ, "ka a ga-eji n'okpuru nlekọta ahụike," dịka a na-emepụta nri ahụike n'okpuru usoro nrụpụta siri ike ma na-edobe ụkpụrụ nrịbama dị elu.

Nri ahụike ọ bụ nnukwu omume na-esote maka nri ekpokọtara ọnụ?

• Ohere dị na ngalaba nri ahụike na-eto eto;A na-eche na ahịa ahụ ga-eru ijeri $15, dịka si kwuoNkeMgbidiOkporo ụzọ Akwụkwọ akụkọ.
• Nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ nri, gụnyere Nestle na Hormel, na-etinye ego na R&D na ahịrị ngwaahịa iji gboo mkpa ahụike na nri.
  • Nestle ewepụtala ammefu ego nde $500 iji kwado nyocha nri ahụike site na 2021.
  • N'ihe gbasara ihe ịma aka, ịnweta sayensị ziri ezi na inwe ntụkwasị obi na ọrụ nlekọta ahụike ga-adị ka isi
    • Ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe kwesịrị ịnọgide na-eme nchọpụta na sayensị ahụike na ikekwe jikọọ na mahadum nyocha iji tinye aka, ma ọ bụ iji kwado nyocha ma ọ bụ iji nweta isi ihe ọmụma.

Ihe atụ akọwapụtara nke nri ahụike ahịa na ojiji ha na-ekwu

• Axona (caprylic triglyceride) –Ọrịa Alzheimer[5]
  • Banatrol Plus (banana flakes/Bimuno, galacto-oligosaccharide -afọ ọsịsa[6]
  • Deplin (l-methylfolate) –ịda mbà n'obi[7]
  • Fosteum (genistein aglycone / citrated zinc bisglycinate / cholecalciferol)

-osteopenia naosteoporosis[8]

• Limbrel (flavocoxide) –ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo[9]
• Metanx (L-methylfolate calcium/pyridoxal 5′-phosphate/methylcobalamin)ọrịa shuga neuropathy[10]
• Theramine (l-arginine, 5-htp, histidine, l-glutamine) -myalgia[11]