Palmitoylethanolamide

• Palmitoylethanolamide(PEA), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-�) ligand yomwe imakhala ndi anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuroprotective action, pofuna kuchiza matenda a neuro-inflammatory, makamaka okhudzana ndi ululu wosatha, glaucoma ndi matenda a shuga.
  • Njira (s) zochita za PEA zimaphatikizapo zotsatira zake pa nyukiliya receptor PPARα (Gabrielsson et al., 2016).
  • Zimakhudzanso ma cell cell,cannabinoid cholandirira mtundu wa 2 (CB2) -monga cannabinoid receptors, ATP-sensitive potassium-channels, transient receptor potential (TRP) njira, ndi nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB).
  • Zitha kukhudza chizindikiro cha endocannabinoid pochita ngati gawo lopikisana la endocannabinoid homologue anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine).
• Kuwona koyamba kunali mu 1943 ndi Coburn et al.monga gawo la kafukufuku wa miliri wokhudza ubwana wa rheumatic fever, matenda omwe anali ochuluka mwa ana omwe amadya zakudya zochepa za mazira.
  • Ofufuzawa adawona kuti zomwe zimachitika zidachepetsedwa mwa ana omwe amadyetsedwa ufa wa dzira yolk, ndipo pambuyo pake adawonetsa anti-anaphylactic mu nkhumba za Guinea ndi lipid yochokera ku yolk ya dzira.
• 1957 Kuehl Jr. ndi ogwira nawo ntchito adanenanso kuti akwanitsa kupatula chinthu cha crystalline anti-inflammatory factor ku soya.Analekanitsanso chigawocho kuchokera ku kachigawo kakang'ono ka phospholipid ka dzira yolk komanso kuchokera ku chakudya cha mtedza wa hexane.
  • Hydrolysis ya PEA inachititsa palmitic acid ndi ethanolamine ndipo motero chigawocho chinadziwika kutiN-(2-hydroxyethyl)- palmitamide (Kepple Hesselink et al., 2013).

 

Tchati Choyenda cha Semi-synthesize Palmitoylethanolamide

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mass Spectra (ESI-MS: m/z 300(M+H+) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) of PEA

 

 

Sayansi Yazakudya & Nutrition DOI 10.1002/fsn3.392

Chitetezo cha micronized palmitoylethanolamide (microPEA): kusowa kwa poizoni ndi kuthekera kwa genotoxic

 

• Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) ndi mafuta achilengedwe a amide omwe amapezeka muzakudya zosiyanasiyana, zomwe poyamba zidadziwika mu yolk ya dzira.
• MicroPEA ya kukula kwake kwa tinthu (0.5-10μm) adawunikidwa ngati mutagenicity inSalmonella typhimurium,kwa clastogenicity/aneuploidy m'ma lymphocyte amunthu otukuka, komanso kawopsedwe kakang'ono ka makoswe komanso kocheperako mu makoswe, kutsatira njira zoyeserera za OECD, molingana ndi Good Laboratory Practice (GLP).
• PEA sinapangitse masinthidwe mu kuyesa kwa mabakiteriya pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya TA1535, TA97a, TA98, TA100, ndi TA102, ndikuyambitsa kapena popanda kagayidwe kachakudya, mwanjira yophatikizira mbale kapena njira zoyambira madzi.Mofananamo, PEA sinapangitse zotsatira za genotoxic m'maselo amunthu omwe amathandizidwa kwa 3 kapena 24 h popanda kuyambitsa kagayidwe kachakudya, kapena kwa 3 h ndikuyambitsa kagayidwe kachakudya.
• PEA inapezeka kuti ili ndi LD50 yaikulu kuposa mlingo wa 2000 mg / kg kulemera kwa thupi (bw), pogwiritsa ntchito OECD Acute Oral Up and Down Procedure.Mlingo wa masiku 90 a kafukufuku wamkamwa wamkamwa wa makoswe adatengera zotsatira za kafukufuku woyambirira wamasiku 14, ndiye kuti, 250, 500, ndi 1000 mg/kg bw/tsiku.
• The No Effect Level (NOEL) mu maphunziro onse a subchronic anali mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri woyesedwa.

Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2016 Oct; 82 (4): 932-42.

Palmitoylethanolamide pochiza ululu: pharmacokinetics, chitetezo ndi mphamvu

• Mayesero achipatala khumi ndi asanu ndi limodzi, malipoti asanu ndi limodzi / maphunziro oyendetsa ndege ndi meta-analysis ya PEA monga analgesic zasindikizidwa m'mabuku.
  • Nthawi zochizira mpaka masiku 49, zomwe zapezeka zachipatala zimatsutsana ndi zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala osokoneza bongo (ADRs) pazochitika zachipatala.

 

• Kwa chithandizo chopitilira masiku 60, kuchuluka kwa odwala sikukwanira kuletsa mafupipafupi a ADRs osakwana 1/100.
• Mayesero asanu ndi limodzi omwe adasindikizidwa mwachisawawa ali osinthika.Kuwonetsa deta popanda chidziwitso cha kufalikira kwa deta ndi kusafotokozera deta nthawi zina kupatula muyeso womaliza zinali zina mwazinthu zomwe zinadziwika.
• Kuonjezera apo, palibe kuyerekezera kwapamutu ndi mutu kwachipatala kwa unmicronized vs. micronized formulations ya PEA, choncho umboni wopambana wa mapangidwe amodzi kuposa enawo ukusowa.
• Komabe, chidziwitso chachipatala chomwe chilipo chimachirikiza kutsutsana kuti PEA ili ndi zochita zochepetsera ululu ndikulimbikitsanso kufufuza kowonjezereka kwa mankhwalawa, makamaka poyerekezera ndi mutu ndi mutu kufananiza kwa unmicronized vs. micronized formulations ya PEA ndi kuyerekezera ndi mankhwala omwe akulimbikitsidwa panopa.

Umboni wachipatala

• WapaderaChakudya cha Zolinga Zachipatala, muChithandizoof Zosasintha Ululu
• Micronized palmitoylethanolamide amachepetsazizindikiroof ululu wa neuropathicmu matenda a shuga odwala
• Palmitoylethanolamide, a wapakatikati, in mitsempha kukanikiza syndromes: mphamvu ndi chitetezo in ululu wa sciatic ndi ngalande ya carpal syndrome
• Palmitoylethanolamide in Matenda a Fibromyalgia: Zotsatira kuchokera Woyembekezera ndi Kubwerera m'mbuyo Kuyang'anitsitsa Maphunziro
• Ultra-micronized palmitoylethanolamide: yothandizamankhwala adjuvantzaMatenda a Parkinson

matenda.

• Zosasintha chiuno ululu, khalidwe of moyo ndi kugonana thanzi of akazi chithandizo ndi palmitoylethanolamide ndi α-lipoic acid
• Zosasintha zachipatala kuyesa: ndi mankhwala ochepetsa ululu katundu of zakudya kuwonjezerandi palmitoylethanolamide ndi polydatin mumatumbo okwiya syndrome.
• Co-ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide/Luteolin in ndi Chithandizo of Ubongo Ischemia: kuchokera Makoswe to

Munthu

• Palmitoylethanolamide, a Zachilengedwe Retinoprotectant: Zake Zosangalatsa Kufunika kwake za ndi Chithandizoof Glaucomandi Diabetic Retinopathy
• N-palmitoylethanolamine ndi N-acetylethanolamine ndi ogwira in asteatotic chikanga: zotsatira of kafukufuku wosasinthika, wakhungu pawiri, wolamulidwa mu 60 odwala

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dokotala Wopweteka. 2016 Feb; 19 (2): 11-24.

Palmitoylethanolamide, Chakudya Chapadera cha Zolinga Zachipatala, Pochiza Ululu Wosatha: Kusanthula kwa Data Meta.

 

• ZAMBIRI: Umboni womwe ukukulirakulira ukuwonetsa kuti neuroinflammation, yomwe imadziwika ndi kulowa kwa ma cell a chitetezo chamthupi, kuyambitsa ma mast cell ndi ma glial cell, ndikupanga oyimira pakati pa zotumphukira m'mitsempha yapakati ndi yapakati yamanjenje, imakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakulowetsa ndi kukonza matenda osatha. ululu.Zomwe zapezazi zimathandizira lingaliro lakuti mwayi watsopano wochizira kupweteka kosatha ukhoza kukhazikitsidwa pa anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators omwe amagwira ntchito pa maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi, makamaka mast cells ndi glia, kuchepetsa kapena kuthetsa neuroinflammation.

Pakati pa anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) yanenedwa kuti imachepetsa kuyambika kwa mast cell ndikuwongolera machitidwe a cell cell.

• CHOLINGA:Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kupanga meta-analysis kuti awone mphamvu ndi chitetezo cha micronized ndi ultra-micronizedpalmitoylethanolamide (PEA) pa ululu waukulu kwa odwala omwe akuvutika ndi ululu wosatha ndi / kapena neuropathic.
• PHUNZIROPANGANI:Kusanthula kwa data kophatikizana kokhala ndi mayeso akhungu awiri, olamulidwa, komanso otseguka.
• NJIRA:Mayesero achipatala akhungu, olamulidwa, ndi otseguka adasankhidwa kuyang'ana zolemba za PubMed, Google Scholar, ndi Cochrane, ndi zochitika zamisonkhano ya neuroscience.Mawu akuti kupweteka kosalekeza, kupweteka kwa neuropathic, ndi PEA ya micronized ndi ultra-micronized anagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza.Zosankha zosankhidwa zinaphatikizapo kupezeka kwa deta yaiwisi ndi kufananitsa pakati pa zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira ndi kuyesa mphamvu ya ululu.Deta yaiwisi yopezedwa ndi olemba idayikidwa mu database imodzi ndikuwunikidwa ndi Generalized Linear Mixed Model.Kusintha kwa ululu pakapita nthawi, kuyesedwa ndi zida zofananira, kunayesedwanso ndi kusanthula kwa mzere pambuyo pa hoc ndi kuyerekezera kwa Kaplan-Meier.Maphunziro khumi ndi awiri adaphatikizidwa mu meta-analysis yophatikizidwa, 3 yomwe inali mayesero akhungu awiri kuyerekeza ofananitsa omwe amagwira ntchito ndi placebo, 2 anali mayeso otseguka motsutsana ndi njira zochiritsira zokhazikika, ndipo 7 anali mayeso otseguka opanda ofananiza.
• ZOTSATIRA:Zotsatira zinasonyeza kuti PEA imapangitsa kuchepetsa pang'onopang'ono kwa kupweteka kwambiri kuposa kulamulira.Ukulu wa kuchepetsa akufanana

1.04 imalozera masabata aliwonse a 2 ndi kusiyana kwa mayankho a 35% komwe kumafotokozedwa ndi mzere wamzere.Mosiyana ndi izi, mu ululu wa gulu lolamulira, kuchepetsa mphamvu kumafanana ndi mfundo za 0.20 masabata onse a 2 ndi 1% yokha ya kusiyana konse komwe kumafotokozedwa ndi kubwereza.Woyerekeza wa Kaplan-Meier adawonetsa ululu = 3 mu 81% ya odwala omwe adalandira chithandizo cha PEA poyerekeza ndi 40.9% okha omwe amawongolera odwala patsiku la 60 la chithandizo.Zotsatira za PEA zinali zosagwirizana ndi msinkhu wa odwala kapena jenda, ndipo sizinagwirizane ndi mtundu wa ululu wosatha.

• ZOCHITA:Zodziwika bwino, zoyipa zoyipa zokhudzana ndi PEA sizinalembetsedwe komanso / kapena kufotokozedwa m'maphunziro aliwonse.
• POMALIZA:Zotsatirazi zimatsimikizira kuti PEA ikhoza kuyimira njira yosangalatsa, yochiritsira yatsopano yothandizira kupweteka kwanthawi yaitali ndi neuropathic

kugwirizana ndi neuroinflammation.

Chithandizo cha Pain Res. 2014;2014:849623.

Micronized palmitoylethanolamide amachepetsa zizindikiro za ululu wa neuropathic mwa odwala matenda a shuga.

• Kafukufuku wapano adayesa kuchita bwino kwa

chithandizo cha micronized palmitoylethanolamide (PEA-m) pochepetsa zizindikiro zowawa zomwe odwala matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi peripheral neuropathy.

• PEA-m idaperekedwa (300 mg kawiri tsiku lililonse) kwa odwala 30 odwala matenda ashuga

odwala matenda a shuga a neuropathy.

• Mankhwala asanayambe, pambuyo pa 30 ndi masiku a 60 magawo otsatirawa adayesedwa: zizindikiro zowawa za matenda a shuga peripheral neuropathy pogwiritsa ntchito chida cha Michigan Neuropathy Screening;kuchulukira kwa zizindikiro zodziwika za ululu wa diabetesic neuropathic ndi Total Symptom Score;ndi mphamvu yamagulu osiyanasiyana a ululu wa neuropathic ndi Neuropathic Pain Symptoms Inventory.Mayeso a Hematological ndi chemistry yamagazi kuti awone momwe kagayidwe kagayidwe kagayidwe kagaya ndi chitetezo akuyendera.
• Kusanthula kwachiwerengero (ANOVA) kunasonyeza kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kupweteka kwambiri (P <0.0001) ndi zizindikiro zofanana (P <0.0001) zoyesedwa ndi chida cha Michigan Neuropathy Screening, Total Symptom Score, ndi Neuropathic Pain Symptoms Inventory.
• Kusanthula kwa Hematological ndi mkodzo sikunawonetse kusintha kulikonse komwe kumakhudzana ndi chithandizo cha PEA-m, ndipo palibe zovuta zoyipa zomwe zidanenedwa.
• Zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti PEA-m ikhoza kuonedwa ngati chithandizo chatsopano chodalirika komanso chololezedwa bwino cha symptomatology chokumana ndi odwala matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi zotumphukira zamitsempha.

J Pain Res. 2015 Oct 23; 8:729-34.

Palmitoylethanolamide, neutraceutical, mu mitsempha ya compression syndromes: mphamvu ndi chitetezo mu ululu wa sciatic ndi carpal tunnel syndrome.

 

 

• Pano tikufotokozera zotsatira za mayesero onse azachipatala omwe amayesa mphamvu ya PEA ndi chitetezo cha mitsempha ya mitsempha ya mitsempha: kupweteka kwa sciatic ndi ululu chifukwa cha matenda a carpal tunnel, ndikuwonanso umboni wotsimikizirika mu zitsanzo za kuyika kwa mitsempha.
  • Pazonse, mayesero asanu ndi atatu a zachipatala adasindikizidwa m'ma syndromes otere, ndipo odwala 1,366 aphatikizidwa m'mayeserowa.
  • Pachiyeso chimodzi chofunika kwambiri, chachiwiri chakhungu, choyang'aniridwa ndi placebo mu 636 odwala sciatic, chiwerengero chofunikira kuchiza kuti chifike kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa 50% poyerekeza ndi chiyambi chinali 1.5 pambuyo pa masabata a 3 a chithandizo.
  • PEA yakhala yothandiza komanso yotetezeka mu mitsempha ya compression syndromes, palibe kuyanjana kwa mankhwala kapena zovuta zoyipa zomwe zafotokozedwa.
  • PEA iyenera kuonedwa ngati njira yatsopano komanso yotetezeka yothandizira ma syndromes a mitsempha ya mitsempha.
    • Popeza nthawi zambiri co-analgesic pregabaline yatsimikiziridwa

kukhala osagwira ntchito mu ululu wa sciatic mu mayesero opititsa patsogolo akhungu awiri.

• Madokotala sadziwa nthawi zonse za PEA ngati njira yoyenera komanso yotetezeka kwa opioids ndi co-analgesics pochiza ululu wa neuropathic.

 

 

NNT ya PEA ifika 50%

kuchepetsa ululu

 

PEA, palmitoylethanolamide;VAS, mawonekedwe a analogi;NNT, nambala yofunika kuchiza

Pain Ther. 2015 Dec;4(2):169-78.

Palmitoylethanolamide mu Fibromyalgia: Zotsatira za Maphunziro Oyembekezera Oyembekezera komanso Owona Kwambiri.

 

(duloxetine + pregabalin)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ma tender abwino

 

 

 

Kuchepetsa kupweteka kwambiri ndi muyeso wa VAS.

Zolinga za CNS Neurol Disord Drug. 2017 Marichi 21.

Ultra-micronized palmitoylethanolamide: chithandizo chothandizira cha matenda a Parkinson.

ZAMBIRI:Matenda a Parkinson (PD) ndi nkhani yoyesetsa kwambiri kupanga njira zomwe zimachepetsa kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwa matenda ndi kulemala.Umboni wokwanira ukuwonetsa gawo lalikulu la neuroinflammation mukufa kwa cell ya dopaminergic.Ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide (um-PEA) imadziwika bwino chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kulimbikitsa kuthetsa kwa neuroinflammation ndikugwiritsa ntchito neuroprotection.Kafukufukuyu adapangidwa kuti awone momwe um-PEA imathandizira ngati chithandizo chamankhwala kwa odwala omwe ali ndi PD yapamwamba.

NJIRA:Odwala makumi atatu a PD omwe amalandila levodopa adaphatikizidwa mu kafukufukuyu.Mafunso obwereza-Movement Disorder Society/Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) adagwiritsidwa ntchito powunika zizindikiro zamagalimoto ndi zomwe sizinali zamagalimoto.Kuwunika kwachipatala kunachitika isanayambe komanso itatha kuwonjezera kwa um-PEA (600 mg).Mafunso a MDS-UPDRS onse a magawo I, II, III, ndi IV adawunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito Generalized Linear Mixed Model, kutsatiridwa ndi mayeso osayinidwa a Wilcoxon kuti aone kusiyana kwa chiwongolero cha chinthu chilichonse pakati pa chiyambi ndi mapeto a um-PEA. chithandizo.

ZOTSATIRA:Kuonjezera kwa um-PEA kwa odwala PD omwe akulandira chithandizo cha levodopa kunachepetsa kwambiri chiwerengero cha MDS-UPRSS (gawo I, II, III ndi IV).Pachinthu chilichonse, kusiyana kwapakati pakati pa chiyambi ndi mapeto a chithandizo cha um-PEA kunasonyeza kuchepa kwakukulu kwa zizindikiro zambiri zomwe sizinali za galimoto ndi magalimoto.Chiwerengero cha odwala omwe ali ndi zizindikiro pa basal chinachepetsedwa patatha chaka chimodzi cha chithandizo cha um-PEA.Palibe m'modzi mwa omwe adatenga nawo gawo omwe adafotokoza zoyipa zomwe zidabwera chifukwa chowonjezera um-PEA.

POMALIZA:um-PEA imachepetsa kukula kwa matenda ndi kulemala kwa odwala PD, kutanthauza kuti um-PEA ikhoza kukhala chithandizo chothandizira cha PD.

Minerva Ginecol. 2015 Oct; 67(5):413-9.

Kupweteka kwa m'chiuno kosatha, moyo wabwino komanso thanzi la amayi omwe amathandizidwa ndi palmitoylethanolamide ndi α-lipoic acid.

• Cholinga cha pepalali chinali kuyesa zotsatira za chiyanjano

pakati pa palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) ndi α-lipoic acid (LA) pa khalidwe la moyo (QoL) ndi kugonana kwa amayi omwe amakhudzidwa ndi ululu wa m'mimba wokhudzana ndi endometriosis.

• Azimayi 56 adapanga gulu lophunzirira ndipo amapatsidwa PEA 300 mg ndi LA 300mg kawiri tsiku lililonse.
• Kuti afotokoze ululu wokhudzana ndi endometriosis wokhudzana ndi chiuno, mawonekedwe a analogic scale (VAS) anagwiritsidwa ntchito.Fomu Yachidule-36 (SF-36), Index ya Ntchito Yogonana ndi Akazi (FSFI) ndi Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS) adagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa QoL, ntchito ya kugonana ndi kuvutika kwa kugonana, motsatira.Phunziroli linaphatikizapo kutsata katatu pa 3, 6 ndi 9 miyezi.
• Palibe kusintha komwe kunawonedwa mu ululu, QoL ndi ntchito yogonana pakutsatira kwa mwezi wa 3rd (P = NS).Pofika mwezi wa 6th ndi 9th, zizindikiro zowawa (P <0.001) ndi magulu onse a QoL (P <0.001) adasintha.Zotsatira za FSFI ndi FSDS sizinasinthe pakutsata kwa mwezi wa 3rd (P=ns).M'malo mwake, pakutsatiridwa kwa miyezi ya 3rd ndi 9th adasintha potsata zoyambira (P<0.001).
• Kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa matenda opweteka omwe amanenedwa ndi amayi panthawi ya chithandizo kungathandize kusintha moyo wa QoL ndi kugonana kwa amayi pa PEA ndi LA.

Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2017 Marichi 31; 89 (1): 17-21.

Kuchita bwino kwa mayanjano a palmitoylethanolamide ndi alpha-lipoic acid mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a prostatitis / matenda opweteka a pelvic: Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kosasintha.

• ZAMBIRI:Matenda a prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) ndizovuta, zomwe zimadziwika ndi etiology yosadziwika bwino komanso kuyankha kochepa kwa mankhwala.Tanthauzo la CP/CPPS limaphatikizapo kupweteka kwa genitourinary kapena kusakhalapo kwa zizindikiro popanda mabakiteriya a uropathogenic, monga momwe amazindikirira ndi njira zodziwika bwino za microbiological, kapena chifukwa china chodziwikiratu monga zilonda.Kuchita bwino kwa njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira zachipatala, zawunikidwa mu maphunziro a zachipatala, koma umboni ukusowa kapena wotsutsana.Tidafanizira Serenoa Repens mu monotherapy motsutsana ndi Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) kuphatikiza Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) ndikuwunika momwe mankhwalawa amagwirira ntchito kwa odwala omwe ali ndi CP/CPPS.
• NJIRA:Tinapanga kuyesa kosasintha, kwakhungu limodzi.Odwala 44 omwe adapezeka ndi CP/CPPS (zaka zoyambira

41.32 ± 1.686 zaka) adapatsidwa chithandizo chamankhwala ndi Palmitoylethanolamide 300 mg kuphatikiza Alpha- lipoic acid 300 mg (Peanase®), kapena Serenoa Repens pa 320 mg.Mafunso atatu (NIH-CPSI, IPSS ndi IIEF5) adaperekedwa pazoyambira komanso pambuyo pa masabata a 12 a chithandizo pagulu lililonse.

• ZOTSATIRA:Chithandizo cha masabata a 12 ndi Peanase chinasintha kwambiri chiwerengero cha IPSS poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi ya chithandizo ndi Serenoa Repens, ndikuchepetsa kwambiri chiwerengero cha NIH-CPSI.Zotsatira zofananira zidawonedwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana a NIH-CPSI akusweka.Komabe, chithandizo chomwecho sichinapangitse kusintha kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha IIEF5.Chithandizo chonsecho sichinabweretse zotsatira zosafunikira.
• POMALIZA: Zotsatira zapano zikuwonetsa mphamvu ya mgwirizano wa Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) ndi Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) womwe umaperekedwa kwa masabata a 12 pochiza odwala ndi CP / CPPS, poyerekeza ndi Serenoa Repens monotherapy.

Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Feb 6.

Kuyesa kwachipatala kosasinthika: ma analgesic propertieszakudya kuwonjezera

ndi palmitoylethanolamide ndi polydatin mu matenda opweteka a m'mimba.

 

• ZAMBIRI:Kuyambitsa chitetezo cham'mimba kumakhudzidwa ndi matenda opweteka a m'mimba (IBS) pathophysiology.Ngakhale njira zambiri zazakudya mu IBS zimaphatikizapo kupewa zakudya, pali zowonetsa zochepa pazakudya zowonjezera.Palmithoylethanolamide, yogwirizana ndi endocannabinoid anandamide, ndi polydatin ndi zakudya zomwe zimagwira ntchito mogwirizana kuti zichepetse kuyambitsa kwa mast cell.
• CHOLINGA:Kuwunika momwe mast cell count imagwirira ntchito komanso mphamvu ya palmitoylethanolamide/polydatin mwa odwala omwe ali ndi IBS.
• NJIRA:Tidachita woyendetsa ndege, masabata a 12, osasinthika, osawona, akhungu, oyendetsedwa ndi placebo, kafukufuku wambiri poyesa zotsatira za palmithoylethanolamide/polydatin 200 mg / 20 mg kapena placebo bd pakuyambitsa chitetezo chamthupi chochepa, dongosolo la endocannabinoid ndi zizindikiro za odwala a IBS. .Zitsanzo za biopsy, zomwe zidapezedwa paulendo wowunika komanso kumapeto kwa kafukufukuyu, zidawunikidwa ndi immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunoassay, liquid chromatography ndi Western blot.
• ZOTSATIRA:Odwala 54 omwe ali ndi IBS ndi maulamuliro athanzi a 12 adalembedwa kuchokera ku malo asanu a ku Ulaya.Poyerekeza ndi zowongolera, odwala a IBS adawonetsa kuchuluka kwa ma cell a mucosal mast cell (3.2 ± 1.3 vs. 5.3 ± 2.7%),

P = 0.013), kuchepetsa mafuta a asidi amide oleoylethanolamide (12.7 ± 9.8 vs. 45.8 ± 55.6 pmol / mg, P = 0.002) ndi kuwonjezereka kwa cannabinoid receptor 2 (0.7 ± 0.1 vs. 1.0 = ± 0.80, P = 0.8, P = 0.8, P = 0.8, P = 0.002).Chithandizocho sichinasinthe kwambiri mbiri yachilengedwe ya IBS, kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa ma cell cell.Poyerekeza ndi placebo, palmithoylethanolamide/polydatin imathandizira kwambiri kupweteka kwam'mimba (P <0.05).

• POMALIZA:Zotsatira zodziwika za zakudya zowonjezera palmithoylethanolamide / polydatin pa ululu wa m'mimba mwa odwala omwe ali ndi IBS zimasonyeza kuti iyi ndi njira yodalirika yachilengedwe yothandizira kupweteka kwamtunduwu.Maphunziro ena tsopano akufunika kuti afotokoze momwe zimagwirira ntchito palmithoylethanolamide/polydatin mu IBS.Nambala ya ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT01370720.

Transl Stroke Res. 2016 Feb; 7(1):54-69.

Co-ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide/Luteolin mu Chithandizo cha Cerebral Ischemia: kuchokera ku Rodent kupita ku Munthu.

 

 

 

Odwala adapatsidwa Glialia® kwa masiku 60.

Miyezo ya Barthel Index inali 26.6 ± 1.69, 48.3 ± 1.91, ndi 60.5 ± 1.95 pa T0 (242

odwala), T30 (odwala 229), ndi T60 (218

odwala), motero.

Panali kusiyana kwakukulu pakuwongolera pakati pa T0 ndi T30 (***p<0.0001) ndi pakati pa T0 ndi T60 (###p<0.0001).Komanso, panali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa T30 ndi T60 (p<0.0001).

Odwala achikazi amawonetsa ziwerengero zocheperapo kuposa amuna, ndipo kulumala kunali koipitsitsa kwa odwala ogona

Mankhwala Devel Ther. 2016 Sep 27; 10:3133-3141.

Resolvins ndi aliamides: lipid autacoids mu ophthalmology - ali ndi lonjezo lotani?

• Resolvins (Rvs) ndi gulu lakale lamamolekyulu amtundu wa lipid(autacoids) yokhala ndi mphamvu zoteteza chitetezo chathupi, zomwe zimawongolera gawo la kuyankha kwamphamvu kwa chitetezo chamthupi.
  • Zinthu zosinthira izi zimapangidwa komweko, zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a maselo ndi/kapena minyewa, yomwe imapangidwa pofunidwa ndipo kenako imapangidwanso m'maselo omwewo ndi/kapena minofu.
  • Autacoid pharmacology, yopangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1970, mankhwala a autacoid mwina ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi thupi okha kapena zoyambira kapena zotumphukira zake, makamaka potengera chemistry yosavuta, monga 5-hydroxytryptophan, kalambulabwalo wa serotonin.
  • Ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya ma autacoid omwe ali m'maguluwa ndikuletsa kufalikira kwa chitetezo chamthupi ndipo motero kumakhala ngati chizindikiro cha "imitsani" munjira zotupa zomwe zimakhala zovuta.
    • Mu 1993, Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909-2012) yemwe adalandira mphotho ya Nobel (1909-2012) adapanga mawu oti "aliamides" pazophatikiza zotere, pomwe akugwira ntchito yoletsa ndikusintha gawo la palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) m'maselo opitilira muyeso.
    • Lingaliro la aliamides linachokera ku chidule cha mawuALIA: kutupa komweko kwa autacoid wotsutsa.
    • Mawuwa adapezeka m'munda waN-acetylethanolamides autacoids, monga PEA, ngakhale kuti "aliamide" idatanthauzidwa ndi Levi-Montalcini ngati lingaliro la chidebe cha lipid-inhibiting ndi -modulating mediators.Izi zikuphatikizanso ma Rvs, maprotein, ndi maresins.
    • Ma Rvs ndi metabolites a polyunsaturated ω-3 fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), ndi docosapentaenoic acid (DPA).
      • Ma metabolites a EPA amatchedwa E Rvs (RvEs), a DHA amatchedwa D Rvs (RvDs), ndipo a DPA amatchedwa Rvs D.

(RvDsn-3DPA) ndi Rvs T (RvTs).

• Mapuloteni ndi maresini amachokera ku ω-3 fatty acid DHA.

Ndi Ophthalmol. 2015;2015:430596.

Palmitoylethanolamide, Natural Retinoprotectant: Kufunika Kwake Kwa Chithandizo cha Glaucoma ndi Diabetic Retinopathy.

 

Retinopathy ndiyowopsa kwa maso, ndipo glaucoma ndi matenda ashuga ndizomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa ma cell a retina.Malingaliro aposachedwa adawonetsa njira yodziwika bwino yapathogenetic pazovuta zonse ziwiri, kutengera kutupa kosatha.

PEA idawunikidwa pa glaucoma, diabetesic retinopathy, ndi uveitis, ma pathological state potengera kutupa kosatha, kusokonezeka kwa kupuma, ndi ma syndromes opweteka osiyanasiyana m'mayesero angapo azachipatala kuyambira 70s of 20th century.

PEA yayesedwa m'maphunziro osachepera 9 oyendetsedwa ndi placebo akhungu, omwe maphunziro awiri anali mu glaucoma, ndipo adapezeka kuti ndi otetezeka komanso ogwira mtima mpaka 1.8 g/tsiku, ndikulekerera bwino kwambiri.Chifukwa chake PEA imakhala ndi lonjezo pochiza ma retinopathy angapo.

PEA imapezeka ngati chakudya chowonjezera (PeaPure) komanso ngati chakudya chazachipatala ku Italy (Normast, PeaVera, ndi Visimast).

Zogulitsazi zimadziwitsidwa ku Italy chifukwa cha chithandizo cha zakudya mu glaucoma ndi neuroinflammation.Timakambirana za PEA ngati mankhwala oletsa kutupa ndi retinoprotectant pochiza matenda a retinopathies, makamaka okhudzana ndi glaucoma ndi shuga.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Zolinga zosiyanasiyana za mamolekyu a PEA.PPAR: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor;GPR-55: 119-masiye G-mapuloteni ophatikizana;CCL: chemokine ligand;COX: cyclooxygenase;iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase;TRPV: cholandilira chosakhalitsa chomwe chingathe cation channel subfamily V;IL: interleukin;Kv1.5,4.3: potassium voteji gated ngalande;Toll-4 R: cholandirira chofanana.

Clin Interv Kukalamba. 2014 Jul 17; 9:1163-9.

N-palmitoylethanolamine ndi N-acetylethanolamine amagwira ntchito mu asteatotic eczema: zotsatira za kafukufuku wopangidwa mwachisawawa, wakhungu pawiri, wolamulidwa mwa odwala 60.

 

 

 

• ZAMBIRI:Asteatotic eczema (AE) imadziwika ndi kuyabwa, youma, yoyipa, komanso makulitsidwe akhungu.Mankhwala a AE amakhala makamaka emollients, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi urea, lactic acid, kapena mchere wa lactate.N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) ndi N- acetylethanolamine (AEA) onse ndi lipids okhazikika omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zatsopano zochizira matenda ambiri apakhungu.Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kufanizitsa munthu wa PEA/AEA ndi munthu wamba pochiritsa AE.
• NJIRA:Mayesero a monocentric, osasinthika, awiri akhungu, ofananitsa anachitidwa mwa odwala 60 AE kuti ayese ndi kuyerekezera mphamvu za awiriwa.Mlingo wa khungu louma pakati pa maphunzirowo unali wochepa mpaka pakati.Ntchito yotchinga khungu ya anthu omwe akuphunzirawo komanso momwe amawonera pano adayesedwa kwa masiku 28 ndi ukadaulo wamankhwala ndi bioengineering.
• ZOTSATIRA:Zotsatira zinawonetsa kuti, ngakhale kuti mbali zina zidakonzedwa bwino m'magulu onsewa, gulu lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito emollient lomwe lili ndi PEA / AEA limapereka kusintha kwabwino kwapakhungu pakupanga mphamvu.Komabe, chochititsa chidwi kwambiri chinali kuthekera kwa PEA / AEA emollient kuonjezera 5 Hz pakalipano poyang'ana pa mlingo wokhazikika pambuyo pa masiku 7, ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zikhalidwe zoyambirira ndi pambuyo pa masiku 14.Malingaliro apano a 5 Hz anali ogwirizana komanso ogwirizana kwambiri ndi kutsekemera kwapakhungu komanso kulumikizidwa moyipa ndi kutaya kwa madzi a transepidermal mu gulu la PEA/AEA emollient.
• POMALIZA: Poyerekeza ndi zokometsera zachikhalidwe, kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi kwa PEA/AEA emollient kumatha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zapakhungu komanso zogwira ntchito nthawi imodzi.

 

 

Kusintha kwa hydration pakhungu pakadutsa masiku 28

 

 

Poyerekeza ndi zokometsera zachikhalidwe, PEA/AEA emollient imatha kuwongolera nthawi imodzi "yogwira" komanso "yogwira" ntchito zapakhungu, kuphatikiza kusinthika kwa khungu ndikubwezeretsa lipid lamellae, kukopa khungu, komanso luso la chitetezo chamthupi.

 

Momwe PEA imagwirira ntchito

• Dongosolo (ma) zochita zaPEA ikuphatikizapozotsatira zake pa zida za nyukiliyacholandiriraPPARA(Gabrielsson et al., 2016).
• Zimaphatikizanso ma mast cell, cannabinoidcholandiriramtundu 2 (CB2)-mongacannabinoidma receptor,ATP-tcheru potaziyamu-njira, zosakhalitsacholandirirakuthekera (TRP) njira, ndi nyukiliyachinthukapa B (NFkB).
• Chithabwanjiendocannabinoid signing pochita ngati mpikisanogawo lapansi laThe endocannabinoid homologue anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine).
• Gut-brain axis: Udindo wa lipids mkati lamulo la kutupa, ululu ndi CNS matenda.

 

 

 

 

 

Curr Med Chem. 2017 Feb

16.

Gut-brain axis: Udindo wa lipids pakuwongolera kutupa, kupweteka ndi matenda a CNS.

 

 

 

 

 

 

• M'matumbo a munthu ndi malo ophatikizika a anaerobic okhala ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono ta 100, kuphatikiza mitundu pafupifupi 1000.
• Kupeza kuti mitundu ina ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda imatha kukhudza kakhalidwe ndi kuzindikira, ndipo dongosolo lamanjenje limatha kukhudza mwachindunji kapangidwe ka enteric microbiota, kwathandizira kwambiri kukhazikitsa lingaliro lovomerezeka la m'matumbo-ubongo.

 

• Lingaliro limeneli limathandizidwa ndi umboni wambiri wosonyeza njira zomwe zimagwirizanitsa, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mitsempha yosadziwika bwino, chitetezo cha mthupi, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis modulation ndi mabakiteriya omwe amachokera.

metabolites.

 

• Kafukufuku wambiri adayang'ana kwambiri pofotokoza za gawo ili laumoyo ndi matenda, kuyambira kupsinjika maganizo, nkhawa, ndi matenda opweteka a m'mimba (IBS) kupita ku matenda a neurodevelopmental, monga autism, ndi matenda a neurodegenerative, monga Parkinson. Matenda, Matenda a Alzheimer etc.

 

• Kutengera maziko awa, ndikuganizira za kufunika kwa kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha symbiotic pakati pa olandira ndi ma microbiota, ndemangayi ikuyang'ana kwambiri ntchito komanso kutengapo gawo kwa bioactive lipids, monga banja la N- acylethanolamine (NAE) lomwe mamembala ake akulu ndi N-arachidonoylethanolamine. (AEA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) ndi oleoilethanolamide (OEA), ndi ma chain chain fatty acids (SCFAs), monga butyrate, omwe ali m'gulu lalikulu la bioactive lipids omwe amatha kusintha njira zotumphukira ndi zapakati pa matenda.

 

• Iwo bwino anakhazikitsa awo ogwira ntchito kutupa, pachimake ndi aakulu ululu, kunenepa ndi chapakati mantha dongosolo matenda.Zawonetsedwa kuti pali kulumikizana kotheka pakati pa lipids ndi gut microbiota kudzera munjira zosiyanasiyana.Zoonadi, kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka mabakiteriya enieni amatha kuchepetsa ululu wa m'mimba mwa kutengapo gawo la cannabinoid receptor 1 mu makoswe;Komano, PEA imachepetsa zizindikiro zotupa mumtundu wa murine wa matenda opweteka a m'mimba (IBD), ndipo butyrate, yopangidwa ndi gut microbiota, imathandiza kuchepetsa kutupa ndi kupweteka kwa matenda opweteka a m'mimba ndi zinyama za IBD.

 

• Mu ndemangayi, tikugogomezera mgwirizano pakati pa kutupa, ululu, microbiota ndi lipids zosiyanasiyana, tikuyang'ana kwambiri kukhudzidwa kwa NAEs ndi SCFAs m'matumbo a m'matumbo a ubongo ndi gawo lawo pa matenda apakati a mitsempha.

Zotsatira za palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) pa Akt/mTOR/p70S6K axis activation ndi HIF-1α mawu mu DSS-induced colitis ndi ulcerative colitis.

 

 

 

PLoS One.2016;11(5): e0156198.

 

 

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) imaletsa angiogenesis yokhudzana ndi colitis mu mbewa.(A) DSS-induced colitis inachititsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa Hb-content mucolonic mucosa, PEA imatha kuchepetsa, mwa njira yodalira mlingo, Hb-content mu colitis mbewa;izi zinapitirirabe pamaso pa PPARγ antagonist (GW9662) pamene izo zinathetsedwa ndi PPARα antagonist (MK866).(B) Zithunzi za Immunohistochemical zosonyeza mafotokozedwe a CD31 pa mbewa zosasamalidwa zosasamalidwa (panel 1), DSS-treated mbewa colonic mucosa (panel 2), DSS-treated mbewa colonic mucosa pamaso pa PEA (10 mg / Kg) yokha (panel 3), PEA (10 mg / Kg) kuphatikizapo MK866 10 mg / Kg (gulu 4), ndi PEA (10 mg / Kg) kuphatikizapo GW9662 1 mg / Kg (gulu 5).Kukula kwa 20X;sikelo bar: 100μm.Grafuyo ikufotokozera mwachidule kuchuluka kwa mawu a CD31 (%) pa mbewa colonic mucosa m'magulu oyesera omwewo, kusonyeza kuchepetsedwa kwa CD31 kufotokozera mu mbewa za colitic pambuyo pa kayendetsedwe ka PEA, kupatulapo gulu lomwe linachitiranso ndi wotsutsa wa PPARα.

(C) Kutulutsidwa kwa VEGF kunachititsa kuwonjezeka kwa mbewa za DSS ndipo kunachepetsedwa kwambiri ndi chithandizo cha PEA mu njira yodalira PPARα.(D) Kusanthula kwa Western blot ndi

kusanthula kwachibale kwa densitometric (mayunitsi osasinthika omwe amakhazikika pamawu a protein yosunga nyumba β-actin) a mawu a VEGF-receptor (VEGF-R), akuwonetsa zotsatira zofanana ndi kutulutsidwa kwa VEGF.Zotsatira zimawonetsedwa ngati ±SD.*p<0.05, **p<0.01 ndi ***p<0.001 motsutsana ndi mbewa zothiridwa ndi DSS

PLoS One.2016;11(5): e0156198.

Sci Rep. 2017 Marichi 23; 7(1): 375.

Palmitoylethanolamide imapangitsa kusintha kwa microglia komwe kumayenderana ndi kuchuluka kwa kusamuka komanso zochitika za phagocytic: kutengapo gawo kwa CB2 receptor.

 

• Mafuta a endogenous amide palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) awonetsedwa kuti amachita zotsutsana ndi kutupa makamaka poletsa kutulutsidwa kwa mamolekyu oyambitsa kutupa kuchokera ku mast cell, monocytes ndi macrophages.Kutsegula kwachindunji kwa dongosolo la endocannabinoid (eCB) ndi imodzi mwa njira zingapo zomwe zaperekedwa kuti zikhazikitse zotsatira zosiyanasiyana za PEA mu vivo.
• Mu kafukufukuyu, tidagwiritsa ntchito makoswe amtundu wa microglia ndi ma macrophages amunthu kuti tiwone ngati PEA imakhudza kusaina kwa eCB.
• PEA inapezeka kuti ikuwonjezera CB2 mRNA ndi kufotokoza kwa mapuloteni kudzera mu peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) activation.
  • Njira yatsopano yoyendetsera jini iyi idawonetsedwa ndi: (i)

pharmacological PPAR-α manipulation, (ii) PPAR-α mRNA kuletsa,

(iii) chromatin immunoprecipitation.

• Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonekera kwa PEA kudapangitsa kusintha kwa morphological komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi reactive microglial phenotype, kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa phagocytosis ndi kusamuka.
• Zomwe tapeza zikuwonetsa kuwongolera kosalunjika kwa mawu a microglial CB2R ngati njira yatsopano yomwe ingayambitse zotsatira za PEA.PEA ikhoza kufufuzidwa ngati chida chothandizira kupewa / kuchiza zizindikiro zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi neuroinflammation mu CNS matenda.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chitsanzo cha 2-AG kagayidwe kake ndi zomwe zingatheke ku ululu wa pambuyo pa opaleshoni.Ma enzyme omwe amayimira 2-AG metabolism.2-AG metabolism imapezeka makamaka kudzera mu hydrolysis ndi monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), yopereka arachidonic acid, yomwe pambuyo pake imasandulika eicosanoids ndi COX ndi LOX enzymes.Kuphatikiza apo, 2-AG imatha kusinthidwa kukhala prostaglandin glycerol esters (PG-Gs) ndi COX-2 ndi hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid glycerol esters (HETE-Gs) ndi michere ya LOX.

 

 

Ululu. 2015 Feb; 156 (2): 341-7.

Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2017 Feb 27; 5(2):e00300.

The anti-inflammatory compound palmitoylethanolamide imalepheretsa kupanga prostaglandin ndi hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid ndi macrophage cell line.

 

Zotsatira za PEA pamilingo ya (A) PGD2;(B) PGE2;(C) 11-HETE;(D) 15-HETE;(E) 9-HODE ndi (F) 13-HODE mu

LPS + IFNγ-ma cell a RAW264.7.

Maselo (2.5 × 105 pachitsime) adawonjezeredwa ku mbale zisanu ndi imodzi zokhala ndi LPS (0.1).μg/mL bwino) ndi INFγ (100 U/mL) ndikukula pa 37°C kwa 24 h.PEA (3μmol/L, P3;kapena 10μmol/L, P10) kapena galimoto idawonjezedwa koyambirira kwa nthawi yolima iyi ("24 h") kapena kwa mphindi 30 pambuyo pa LPS + INF.γ makulitsidwe gawo ("30 min").

TheP Makhalidwe anali ochokera kumitundu yofananira pazotsatira zazikulu zokha (mizere itatu yapamwamba,ti = chigawo cha nthawi, ndi mphindi 30 monga mtengo wofotokozera) kapena chitsanzo kuphatikizapo kuyanjana (mizere iwiri yapansi), yowerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchitot-kugawa komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi bootstrap ndi zitsanzo zosinthira (10,000 iterations) za data pansi pa lingaliro lopanda pake.Zothekera komanso zotheka, zomwe zimayikidwa mu Boxplot (Tukey) ziwembu, zimawonetsedwa ngati makona atatu ndi mabwalo ofiira, motsatana.Zomwe zingatheke zinaphatikizidwa mu kusanthula kwa ziwerengero, pamene zomwe zingatheke sizinaphatikizidwe.Mipiringidzo imayimira zikhalidwe zapakatikati pambuyo pochotsa zomwe zingachitike (n = 11-12).Kwa 11-HETE, ndiP Makhalidwe a seti yonse ya data (mwachitsanzo, kuphatikizira zotheka) anali:ti, 0.87;P3, 0.86;P10, 0.0020;ti × P3, 0,83;ti x P10, 0.93.

 

KUMWA MPEA

 

• PEA ikupezeka padziko lonse lapansi monga zakudya zowonjezera zakudya, zakudya zamankhwala, ndi / kapena zakudya zopatsa thanzi m'njira zosiyanasiyana, zokhala ndi komanso popanda zowonjezera (Hesselink ndi Kopsky, 2015).
• Pakali pano PEA ikugulitsidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pa ziweto (khungu, Redonyl ™, yopangidwa ndi Innovet) komanso ngati chakudya chopatsa thanzi mwa anthu (Normast™ ndi Pelvilen™, chopangidwa ndi Epitech; PeaPure™, yopangidwa ndi JP Russel Science Ltd.) m'mayiko ena a ku Ulaya (monga Italy, Spain ndi Netherlands) (Gabrielsson et al., 2016).
• Komanso ndi gawo la zonona (Physiogel AI ™, zopangidwa ndi Stiefel) zomwe zimagulitsidwa khungu louma (Gabrielsson et al., 2016).
• Ultramicronized PEA imalembetsedwa ngati chakudya chazifukwa zapadera ndi Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Italy ndipo sichinalembedwe kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito mu ululu wa neuropathic (Andersen et al., 2015).
• Bungwe la Food and Drug Administration (FDA) silinawunikepo zachitetezo cha PEA.Palibe malamulo ku US omwe amalola kugwiritsa ntchito PEA ngati chowonjezera cha chakudya kapena chinthu cha GRAS.

 

 

FDA pa Medical Food

• Ku US, zakudya zachipatala ndi gulu lapadera lazinthu zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi FDA.

• Ku Ulaya, gulu lofananalo lotchedwa "Foods for Special Medical Purposes" (FSMPs) limayang'aniridwa ndi malangizo a Foods for Special Nutritional Uses ndipo amayendetsedwa ndi European Commission (EC).
• Mu 1988 FDA idachitapo kanthu kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha gulu lazakudya zamankhwala popereka zinthu zomwe zili ngati mankhwala amasiye.
  • Kusintha kwa malamulowa kumachepetsa ndalama ndi nthawi yokhudzana ndi kubweretsa zakudya zachipatala kumsika, monga zakudya zam'chipatala zisanachitike zidatengedwa ngati mankhwala opangira mankhwala.
  • Zakudya zachipatala sizikufunika kuti ziwunikidwe kapena kuvomerezedwa ndi FDA.Kuphatikiza apo, sali omasulidwa ku zofunikira zolembera pazaumoyo komanso zonena zazakudya zomwe zili pansi pa Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990.
    • Mosiyana ndi zakudya zowonjezera zakudya, zomwe zimaletsedwa kupanga zonena za matenda ndipo zimapangidwira anthu athanzi, zakudya zachipatala zimapangidwira anthu omwe ali ndi matenda.
    • Zonena za matenda ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi umboni womveka wa sayansi wotsimikizira zonena za kuwongolera bwino kwa matendawa.
    • Zosakaniza zonse ziyenera kuvomerezedwa zowonjezera zakudya kapena kugawidwa ngati GRAS.

 

FDA pa Medical Food

 

• A US FDA amasankha chakudya chachipatala ngati gulu lazinthu zomwe zimapangidwira kasamalidwe kazakudya zamtundu wina kapena matenda.Zomwe zimafunikira kuti mulandire dzina la FDA izi zikuphatikiza kuti chinthucho chiyenera kukhala:
  • Chakudya chopangidwa mwapadera kuti chilowe m'kamwa kapena m'mimba;
  • Poyang'anira kasamalidwe kazakudya pazovuta zina zachipatala, matenda kapena matenda omwe ali ndi zofunikira zopatsa thanzi;
  • Zopangidwa ndi Zosakaniza Zomwe Zimadziwika Ngati Zotetezeka (GRAS);
  • Motsatira malamulo a FDA okhudzana ndi kulemba, zonena zamalonda ndi

kupanga.

• Monga gulu lachipatala, chakudya chachipatala ndi chosiyana ndi mankhwala ndi zowonjezera.
  • Zolemba ziyenera kukhala ndi mawu akuti, "kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito moyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala," chifukwa zakudya zachipatala zimapangidwa mokhazikika popanga ndikusunga miyezo yapamwamba yolembera.

Kodi zakudya zachipatala ndizomwe zimakonda kwambiri pazakudya zopakidwa?

• Mwayi mu gawo lazakudya zachipatala ukukula;msika ukuyembekezeka kukhala wokwanira $ 15 biliyoni, malinga ndiTheKhomaMsewu Journal.
• Makampani akuluakulu azakudya, kuphatikiza Nestle ndi Hormel, akupanga ndalama mu R&D ndi mizere yazogulitsa kuti akwaniritse zosowa zachipatala ndi zakudya.
  • Nestle yatulutsa a$ 500 miliyoni bajeti kuthandizira kafukufuku wazakudya zamankhwala mpaka 2021.
  • Malinga ndi zovuta, kupeza sayansi moyenera komanso kudalira ntchito yazaumoyo kungawoneke kukhala kofunika
    • Opanga zopangira ayenera kupitiliza kufufuza za sayansi ya zamankhwala ndipo mwina kulumikizana ndi mayunivesite ofufuza kuti achitepo kanthu, mwina kuthandizira kafukufuku kapena kudziwa zambiri.

Zitsanzo zenizeni za zakudya zachipatala zomwe zagulitsidwa ndi zomwe amati amazigwiritsa ntchito

• Axona (caprylic triglycerides) -Matenda a Alzheimer's[5]
  • Banatrol Plus (nthochi za nthochi /Bimunogalacto-oligosaccharide -kutsekula m'mimba[6]
  • Deplin (L-methylfolate) -kuvutika maganizo[7]
  • Fosteum (genistein aglycone/citrated zinki bisglycinate/cholecalciferol)

-matenda osteopenia ndimatenda osteoporosis[8]

• Limbrel (flavocoxid) -osteoarthritis[9]
• Metanx (L-methylfolate calcium/pyridoxal 5'- phosphate/methylcobalamin) -diabetesic neuropathy[10]
• Theramine (l-arginine, 5-htp, histidine, l-glutamine) -myalgia[11]