Palmitoylethanolamide

• Palmitoylethanolamide(PEA), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-�) ligand inoshandisa anti-inflammatory, analgesic, uye neuroprotective zviito, zvekurapa neuro- kuzvimba, kunyanya zvine chekuita nekurwadziwa kusingaperi, glaucoma uye chirwere cheshuga retinopathy.
  • Iyo nzira (s) yekuita kwePEA inosanganisira mhedzisiro yayo pane yenyukireya receptor PPARα (Gabrielsson et al., 2016).
  • Inosanganisira mast cells,cannabinoid receptor mhando 2 (CB2) -kufanana necannabinoid receptors, ATP-sensitive potassium-channels, transient receptor potential (TRP) nzira, uye nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB).
  • Inogona kukanganisa kusaina endocannabinoid nekuita senge substrate inokwikwidza ye endocannabinoid homologue anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine).
• Kuonekwa kwekutanga kwaive muna 1943 naCoburn et al.sechikamu chekuongorora kwechirwere chechirwere chakanangana nehudiki rheumatic fever, chiitiko chaive chakanyanya muvana avo vaidya kudya kwakaderera mumazai.
  • Vaongorori ava vakacherekedza kuti kuitika kwakaderedzwa muvana vakadyiswa zai yolk poda, uye vakazoratidza anti-anaphylactic zvimiro muguinea nguruve ine lipid inobvisa kubva zai yolk.
• 1957 Kuehl Jr. uye vaaishanda navo vakashuma kuti vakabudirira kuparadzanisa crystalline anti-inflammatory factor kubva pasoya.Vakaparadzanisa musanganiswa zvakare kubva kune phospholipid chidimbu chezai yolk uye kubva kune hexane-yakabudiswa peanut meal.
  • Hydrolysis yePEA yakakonzera palmitic acid uye ethanolamine uye nekudaro komisheni yakaonekwa seN-(2-hydroxyethyl)- palmitamide (Kepple Hesselink et al., 2013).

 

Kuyerera Chati yeSemi-synthesize Palmitoylethanolamide

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mass Spectra (ESI-MS: m/z 300(M+H+) uye Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) yePEA

 

 

Chikafu Sayenzi & Zvokudya Zvokudya DOI 10.1002/fsn3.392

Kuchengetedzwa kwemicronized palmitoylethanolamide (microPEA): kushaikwa kwehupfu uye genotoxic inogona.

 

• Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) ndeye yakasikwa fatty acid amide inowanikwa mune zvakasiyana siyana zvekudya, izvo zvakatanga kuzivikanwa muzai yolk.
• MicroPEA yeakatsanangurwa particle size (0.5-10μm) yakaongororwa kuti mutagenicity inSalmonella typhimurium,ye clastogenicity/aneuploidy muvanhu vane tsika lymphocytes, uye yeacute uye subchronic rodent toxicity mugonzo, ichitevera akajairwa OECD test protocols, zvinoenderana neGood Laboratory Practice (GLP).
• PEA haina kukonzeresa shanduko muyedzo yebhakitiriya ichishandisa strains TA1535, TA97a, TA98, TA100, uye TA102, ine kana isina metabolic activation, mune ingave yeplate yekubatanidzwa kana mvura preincubation nzira.Saizvozvo, PEA haina kuita kuti genotoxic mhedzisiro mumasero emunhu anorapwa kwe3 kana 24 h pasina metabolic activation, kana ye3 h ine metabolic activation.
• PEA yakawanikwa iine LD50 yakakura kudarika chiyero chemuganho we2000 mg/kg uremu hwemuviri (bw), uchishandisa OECD Acute Oral Up and Down Procedure.Doses ye90-yemazuva rat oral toxicity kudzidza yakavakirwa pamhedzisiro kubva kune yekutanga-mazuva gumi nemana kudzidza, kureva, 250, 500, uye 1000 mg/kg bw/zuva.
• Iyo No Effect Level (NOEL) mune ese ari maviri subchronic zvidzidzo yaive yakanyanya kuedzwa.

Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2016 Oct;82(4):932-42.

Palmitoylethanolamide yekurapa marwadzo: pharmacokinetics, kuchengeteka uye kushanda

• Gumi nenhanhatu miedzo yekiriniki, mishumo yenyaya mitanhatu / zvidzidzo zvekutyaira uye meta-kuongororwa kwePEA seanalgesic zvakaburitswa mumabhuku.
  • Kune nguva dzekurapa kusvika kumazuva makumi mana nepfumbamwe, data yekiriniki iripo inopokana neyakakomba adverse adverse drug reaction (ADRs) pachiitiko che

 

• Kurapa kunogara kwemazuva anopfuura makumi matanhatu, nhamba yevarwere haina kukwana kutonga kunze kwehuwandu hweADRs isingasviki 1/100.
• Iwo matanhatu akaburitswa randomized kiriniki miedzo ndeyemhando dzakasiyana.Mharidzo yedata pasina ruzivo rwekupararira kwedata uye kusaburitswa kwedata pane dzimwe nguva kunze kwekuyerwa kwekupedzisira kwaive pakati penyaya dzakaonekwa.
• Uyezve, hapana musoro-ku-musoro kliniki inofananidzwa yeunmicronized vs. micronized formulations yePEA, uye naizvozvo uchapupu hwehukuru hwekugadzirisa humwe pane humwe huripo ikozvino.
• Zvakadaro, data yekiriniki iripo inotsigira kukakavara kwekuti PEA ine zviito zveanalgesic uye inokurudzira kuwedzera kudzidza kwechikamu ichi, kunyanya maererano nemusoro-kune-musoro kuenzanisa kweunmicronized vs. micronized formulations yePEA uye kuenzanisa nemishonga inokurudzirwa iye zvino.

Clinical uchapupu

• SpecialZvokudya zvezvinangwa zvekurapa, muKurapaof Chronic Marwadzo
• Micronized palmitoylethanolamide inoderedza iyozviratidzoof neuropathic kurwadziwamune chirwere cheshuga varwere
• Palmitoylethanolamide, a neutraceutical, in nerve compression syndromes: kushanda zvakanaka uye kuchengeteka in sciatic kurwadziwa uye carpal tunnel syndrome
• Palmitoylethanolamide in Fibromyalgia: Results kubva Prospective uye Retrospective Observational Zvidzidzo
• Ultra-micronized palmitoylethanolamide: inoshandaadjuvant therapynokutiParkinson's

chirwere.

• Chronic pelvic kurwadziwa, quality of hupenyu uye zvepabonde utano of vakadzi kurapwa pamwe palmitoylethanolamide uye α- lipoic asidhi
• Randomized kliniki muyedzo: the analgesic properties of dietary supplementationine palmitoylethanolamide uye polydatin mukatiura unogumbuka syndrome.
• Co-ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide/Luteolin in the Kurapa of Cerebral Ischemia: kubva Rodent to

Munhu

• Palmitoylethanolamide, a Natural Retinoprotectant: Zvayo Putative Relevance nokuti the Kurapaof Glaucomauye Diabetic Retinopathy
• N-palmitoylethanolamine uye N-acetylethanolamine vari inoshanda in asteatotic eczema: mhinduro of chidzidzo chisina kujairika, chakapetwa kaviri, chinodzorwa mu60 varwere

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chiremba Marwadzo. 2016 Feb;19(2):11-24.

Palmitoylethanolamide, Chikafu Chinokosha cheZvinangwa Zvekurapa, muKurapwa Kwemarwadzo Asingaperi: A Pooled Data Meta-analysis.

 

• ZVAKAITIKA: Humwe humbowo huri kukura hunoratidza kuti neuroinflammation, iyo inoratidzwa nekupinzwa kwemaseru ekudzivirira, kushandiswa kwemasero emasero uye glial masero, uye kugadzirwa kweanopisa anopindirana mukati meiyo peripheral uye yepakati tsinga system, ine basa rakakosha mukupinza uye kuchengetedza kwenguva refu. kurwadziwa.Izvi zvakawanikwa zvinotsigira pfungwa yekuti mikana mitsva yekurapa yekurwadziwa kusingaperi inogona kunge yakavakirwa pa-anti-inflammatory uye pro-resolving mediators vanoshanda pamasero ekudzivirira, kunyanya mast cell uye glia, kuderedza kana kubvisa neuroinflammation.

Pakati pe-anti-inflammatory uye pro-resolving lipid mediators, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) yakanzi ichidzika-modulate mast cell activation uye kudzora glial cell maitiro.

• CHINANGWA:Chinangwa chechidzidzo ichi chaiva chekuita meta-analysis kuti iongorore kushanda uye kuchengeteka kwe micronized uye ultra-micronizedpalmitoylethanolamide (PEA) pakurwadziwa kwakanyanya kune varwere vane chirwere chisingaperi uye / kana neuropathic.
• KUDZIDZADESIGN:Pooled data analysis inosanganisira kaviri-mapofu, anodzorwa, uye akavhurika-label kiriniki miedzo.
• NZIRA:Mapofu maviri-mapofu, anodzorwa, uye akavhurika-label makiriniki miedzo akasarudzwa achibvunza PubMed, Google Scholar, uye Cochrane dhatabhesi, uye maitiro emisangano neuroscience.Mazwi okuti kurwadziwa kusingaperi, kurwadziwa kweuropathic, uye micronized uye ultra-micronized PEA yakashandiswa pakutsvaga.Kusarudzwa kwemaitiro aisanganisira kuwanikwa kwe data raw uye kuenzaniswa pakati pezvishandiso zvinoshandiswa kuongorora uye kuongorora kurwadziwa kwakanyanya.Raw data yakawanikwa nevanyori yakabatanidzwa mune imwe dhatabhesi uye yakaongororwa neGeneralized Linear Mixed Model.Iko kushanduka kwemarwadzo nekufamba kwenguva, kuyerwa nematurusi akafananidzwa, kwakaongororwawo nelinear regression post-hoc analysis uye Kaplan-Meier estimate.Zvidzidzo gumi nezviviri zvakabatanidzwa mune yakabatanidzwa meta-kuongorora, 3 yaive miviri-mapofu miedzo ichienzanisa inoshanda kuenzanisa vs placebo, 2 yaive yakavhurika-label miedzo vs standard therapies, uye 7 yaive yakavhurika-label miedzo isina vaenzanisi.
• RESULTS:Migumisiro yakaratidza kuti PEA inokurudzira kuderera kunofambira mberi kwemarwadzo ekurwadziwa zvakanyanya kudarika kutonga.Hukuru hwekudzikisa hwakaenzana

1.04 inonongedza mavhiki maviri ega ega ine 35% mhinduro musiyano inotsanangurwa neiyo mutsara modhi.Kusiyana neizvi, mukurwadziwa kweboka rekutonga, kuderedza kusimba kwakaenzana ne 0.20 masvondo ega ega e2 ane chete 1% yekusiyana kwese kwakatsanangurwa nekudzoka.Kaplan-Meier estimator yakaratidza marwadzo = 3 mu81% yePEA yakabatwa nevarwere vachienzaniswa ne40.9% chete mukudzora varwere nezuva 60 rekurapa.PEA mhedzisiro yaive yakasununguka nezera remurwere kana murume kana murume, uye isina hukama nerudzi rwekurwadziwa kusingaperi.

• ZVINODZIDZWA:Zvinokosha, zviitiko zvakakomba zvakashata zvine chekuita nePEA hazvina kunyoreswa uye / kana kutaurwa mune chero yezvidzidzo.
• mhedziso:Mhedzisiro iyi inosimbisa kuti PEA inogona kumiririra inonakidza, nyowani nzira yekurapa kubata kusingaperi uye neuropathic kurwadziwa

yakabatana neuroinflammation.

Pain Res Kurapa. 2014;2014:849623.

Micronized palmitoylethanolamide inoderedza zviratidzo zvekurwadziwa kweuropathic muvarwere vane chirwere cheshuga.

• Chidzidzo chezvino chakaongorora kushanda kwe

micronized palmitoylethanolamide (PEA-m) kurapwa mukuderedza zviratidzo zvinorwadza zvinowanikwa nevarwere vane chirwere cheshuga vane peripheral neuropathy.

• PEA-m yaipihwa (300 mg kaviri pazuva) kune makumi matatu varwere vane chirwere cheshuga

kutambura nekurwadziwa kwechirwere cheshuga neuropathy.

• Usati watanga kurapwa, mushure me30 uye mazuva 60 zvinotevera zvakaongororwa: zviratidzo zvinorwadza zvechirwere cheshuga peripheral neuropathy uchishandisa Michigan Neuropathy Screening instrument;kusimba kwezviratidzo hunhu hwechirwere cheshuga neuropathic kurwadziwa neTotal Symptom Score;uye kusimba kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekurwadziwa kweuropathic neNeuropathic Pain Symptoms Inventory.Hematological uye chemistry yeropa bvunzo yekuongorora metabolic control uye chengetedzo yakaitwa zvakare.
• Statistical analysis (ANOVA) yakaratidza kuderera kwakanyanya kwekutambudzika kunorwadza (P <0.0001) uye zviratidzo zvakabatana (P <0.0001) yakaongororwa neMichigan Neuropathy Screening instrument, Total Symptom Score, uye Neuropathic Pain Symptoms Inventory.
• Kuongororwa kweHematological uye weti hakuna kuburitsa chero shanduko yakabatana nePEA-m kurapwa, uye hapana zviitiko zvakakomba zvakashumwa.
• Mhedzisiro iyi inoratidza kuti PEA-m inogona kutariswa seanovimbisa uye akanyatsotenderwa kurapwa kutsva kwezviratidzo zvinowanikwa nevarwere vane chirwere cheshuga vane peripheral neuropathy.

J Pain Res. 2015 Oct 23;8:729-34.

Palmitoylethanolamide, neutraceutical, mutsinga compression syndromes: kushanda uye kuchengeteka mukurwadziwa kwesciatic uye carpal tunnel syndrome.

 

 

• Pano tinotsanangura mhedzisiro yeyese miedzo yekiriniki inoongorora kushanda kwePEA uye kuchengetedzeka mutsinga compression syndromes: sciatic kurwadziwa uye kurwadziwa nekuda kwecarpal tunnel syndrome, uye kuongorora preclinical humbowo mune nerve impingement modhi.
  • Pakazara, sere miedzo yekiriniki yakaburitswa mune akadaro entrapment syndromes, uye 1,366 varwere vakaverengerwa mumiedzo iyi.
  • Mune imwe yakakosha, kaviri mapofu, placebo inodzorwa muedzo mu636 sciatic marwadzo varwere, nhamba yaidiwa kurapa kusvika 50% kuderedza marwadzo kana ichienzaniswa nekutanga yaive 1.5 mushure memavhiki e3 ekurapwa.
  • PEA yakaratidza kuve inoshanda uye yakachengeteka mutsinga compression syndromes, hapana kusangana kwezvinodhaka kana zvinonetsa mhedzisiro zvakatsanangurwa.
  • PEA inofanirwa kutariswa senge nyowani uye yakachengeteka yekurapa sarudzo kune nerve compression syndromes.
    • Sezvo inowanzotaurwa co-analgesic pregabaline yakaratidza

kushaya simba mukurwadziwa kwesciatic mune kaviri mapofu ekuvandudza kuyedza.

• Vanachiremba havasi nguva dzose vanoziva nezvePEA seyakakodzera uye yakachengeteka imwe nzira kune opioid uye co-analgesics mukurapa marwadzo neuropathic.

 

 

NNT yePEA kusvika pa50%

kuderedza marwadzo

 

PEA, palmitoylethanolamide;VAS, inooneka analog scale;NNT, nhamba inodiwa kurapa

Pain Ther. 2015 Dec;4(2):169-78.

Palmitoylethanolamide muFibromyalgia: Mhedzisiro kubva kuProspective uye Retrospective Observational Zvidzidzo.

 

(duloxetine + pregabalin)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Kuderedzwa kwenhamba yezvakanaka nyoro mapoinzi

 

 

 

Kuderedzwa kwekurwadziwa kwakanyanya neVAS kuyerwa.

CNS Neurol Disord Zvinodhaka Zvinangwa. 2017 Kurume 21.

Ultra-micronized palmitoylethanolamide: inoshanda adjuvant kurapa kwechirwere cheParkinson.

ZVAKAITIKA:Chirwere cheParkinson (PD) inyaya yekuedza kukuru kugadzira nzira dzinoderedza kana kumisa kufambira mberi kwechirwere nekuremara.Humbowo hwakakura hunonongedzera kune yakakosha basa reuroinflammation mune iri pasi pe dopaminergic cell kufa.Ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide (um-PEA) inonyanya kuzivikanwa nekukwanisa kwayo kukurudzira kugadziriswa kweurouroinflammation uye kushandisa neuroprotection.Ichi chidzidzo chakagadzirirwa kuongorora kushanda kweum-PEA seadjuvant therapy kune varwere vane PD yepamusoro.

NZIRA:Varwere makumi matatu vePD vanogamuchira levodopa vakaiswa muchidzidzo.Iyo yekudzokorora- Movement Disorder Society/Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) yemibvunzo yakashandiswa kuongorora zviratidzo zvemotokari uye zvisiri zvemotokari.Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwakaitwa pamberi uye mushure mekuwedzera kwe um-PEA (600 mg).MDS-UPDRS mubvunzo wemibvunzo yezvikamu I, II, III, uye IV yakaongororwa pachishandiswa Generalized Linear Mixed Model, ichiteverwa neWilcoxon yakasainwa-renk bvunzo kuongorora musiyano wechinhu chimwe nechimwe chezvibodzwa pakati pekutanga nekupera kwe um-PEA. kurapwa.

RESULTS:Kuwedzerwa kweum-PEA kune varwere vePD vanogamuchira levodopa therapy kwakakonzera kuderera kwakakosha uye kunofambira mberi muhuwandu hweMDS-UPRSS mamakisi (zvikamu I, II, III uye IV).Pachinhu chimwe nechimwe, mutsauko wepakati pakati pekutanga uye kupera kwe-um-PEA kurapwa kwakaratidza kuderera kwakanyanya mune dzakawanda dzisiri mota uye mota zviratidzo.Nhamba yevarwere vane zviratidzo pabasal yakaderedzwa mushure megore rimwe rekurapwa kwe um-PEA.Hapana wevatori vechikamu akataura mhedzisiro inokonzerwa nekuwedzerwa kwe um-PEA.

mhedziso:um-PEA yakaderedza kufambira mberi kwechirwere uye kuremara muvarwere vePD, zvichiratidza kuti um-PEA inogona kunge iri inoshanda adjuvant therapy yePD.

Minerva Ginecol. 2015 Oct;67(5):413-9.

Kurwara kusingagumi kwepelvic, hupenyu uye hutano hwepabonde hwevakadzi vanobatwa nepalmitoylethanolamide uye α-lipoic acid.

• Chinangwa chebepa iri chaive chekuongorora mhedzisiro yesangano

pakati palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) uye α-lipoic acid (LA) pamhando yehupenyu (QoL) uye kuita zvepabonde muvakadzi vanobatwa ne endometriosis-inobatanidza kurwadziwa kwepelvic.

• Vakadzi makumi mashanu nevatanhatu vakaumba boka rekudzidza uye vakapihwa PEA 300 mg uye LA 300mg kaviri pazuva.
• Kuti utsanangure kurwadziwa kwepilvic endometriosis, iyo inooneka analogic scale (VAS) yakashandiswa.Iyo Pfupi Form-36 (SF-36), Yevakadzi Sexual Function Index (FSFI) uye Yevakadzi Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS) yakashandiswa kuongorora QoL, basa repabonde uye kushushikana kwepabonde, zvichiteerana.Chidzidzo chacho chaisanganisira katatu kutevera pa3, 6 uye 9 mwedzi.
• Hapana kuchinja kwakaonekwa mukurwadziwa, QoL uye kuita zvepabonde pamwedzi we3rd kutevera (P = NS).Nemwedzi we6 uye 9th, zviratidzo zvinorwadza (P <0.001) uye mapoka ose eQoL (P <0.001) akavandudzwa.Iyo FSFI uye zvibodzwa zveFSDS hazvina kuchinja pamwedzi we3rd kutevera (P=ns).Pane zvinopesana, pamwedzi we3 uye 9th kutevera-ups vakavandudza maererano nekutanga (P <0.001).
• Kuderera kunofambira mberi kwechirwere chemarwadzo chinotaurwa nevakadzi panguva yekurapa kunogona kubatsira kuvandudza QoL uye hupenyu hwepabonde hwevakadzi paPEA neLA.

Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2017 Mar 31;89(1):17-21.

Kubudirira kwekubatana kwepalmitoylethanolamide uye alpha-lipoic acid kune varwere vane chirwere chisingaperi cheprostatitis / chronic pelvic pain syndrome: chirongwa chekliniki chisingaverengeki.

• ZVAKAITIKA:Chronic prostatitis / chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP / CPPS) chirwere chakaoma, chinoratidzwa nekusaziva etiology uye nemhinduro shoma kune kurapa.Tsanangudzo yeCP/CPPS inosanganisira kurwadziwa kwegenitourinary kana kuti pasina zviratidzo zvekushayikwa kwekushayikwa kwebhakitiriya uropathogenic, sekuonekwa neyakajairwa nzira dzemicrobiological, kana chimwe chikonzero chinozivikanwa chakadai sehutsinye.Kubudirira kwemishonga yakasiyana-siyana yezvokurapa, yakaongororwa mune zvidzidzo zvekliniki, asi humbowo huripo kana hunopesana.Takafananidza Serenoa Repens mu monotherapy versus Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) pamwe chete neAlpha- lipoic acid (ALA) uye takaongorora kushanda kwemishonga iyi kune varwere vane CP / CPPS.
• NZIRA:Takaita ongororo yakasarudzika, yebofu rimwechete.44 varwere vakaonekwa vaine CP/CPPS (kureva zera

41.32 ± 1.686 makore) vakagoverwa kurapwa nePalmitoylethanolamide 300 mg pamwe neAlpha- lipoic acid 300 mg (Peanase®), kana Serenoa Repens pa320 mg.Matatu emibvunzo (NIH-CPSI, IPSS uye IIEF5) yakashandiswa pakutanga uye mushure memavhiki e12 ekurapa muboka rimwe nerimwe.

• RESULTS:12 vhiki yekurapa nePeanase yakavandudza zvakanyanya chikamu cheIPSS chichienzaniswa nenguva imwechete yekurapa neSerenoa Repens, uye zvakanyanya kuderedza NIH-CPSI mamakisi.Mibairo yakafanana yakaonekwa mune dzakasiyana NIH-CPSI subscores inoputsika.Zvisinei, kurapwa kumwe chete hakuna kukonzera kuvandudzwa kwakakosha kweIEF5 mamakisi.Kurapa kwese kuri kuviri hakuna kuunza mhedzisiro yausingadiwe.
• mhedziso: Mhedzisiro iripo inonyora kushanda kwemubatanidzwa wePalmitoylethanolamide (PEA) uye Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) inopihwa kwemavhiki gumi nemaviri ekurapa varwere neCP/CPPS, zvichienzaniswa neSerenoa Repens monotherapy.

Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Kukadzi 6.

Randomized kliniki yekuedza: iyo analgesic zvimiro zvedietary supplementation

ine palmitoylethanolamide uye polydatin mune irritable bowel syndrome.

 

• ZVAKAITIKA:Intestinal immune activation inobatanidzwa mune irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) pathophysiology.Kunyange zvazvo nzira dzakawanda dzekudya muIBS dzinosanganisira kudzivisa kudya, pane zviratidzo zvishoma pakuwedzera kwezvokudya.Palmithoylethanolamide, yakarongeka yakabatana ne endocannabinoid anandamide, uye polydatin mishonga yezvokudya iyo inoshanda synergistically kuderedza mast cell activation.
• CHINANGWA:Kuongorora maitiro pane mast cell count uye kushanda kwepalmithoylethanolamide/polydatin muvarwere vane IBS.
• NZIRA:Takaita mutyairi, 12-vhiki, randomised, kaviri-mapofu, placebo-inodzorwa, multicentre kudzidza kuongorora mhedzisiro yepalmithoylethanolamide/polydatin 200 mg/20 mg kana placebo bd pane yakaderera-giredhi immune activation, endocannabinoid system uye zviratidzo mu IBS varwere. .Biopsy samples, yakawanikwa pakuongorora kushanya uye pakupera kwechidzidzo, yakaongororwa ne immunohistochemistry, enzyme-yakabatana immunoassay, liquid chromatography uye Western blot.
• RESULTS:Huwandu hwevarwere ve54 vane IBS uye gumi nevaviri kutonga vane hutano vakanyoreswa kubva kushanu dzeEurope nzvimbo.Kuenzaniswa nekutonga, varwere veBS vakaratidza yakakwirira mucosal mast cell counts (3.2 ± 1.3 vs. 5.3 ± 2.7%,

P = 0.013), yakaderedzwa mafuta acid amide oleoylethanolamide (12.7 ± 9.8 vs. 45.8 ± 55.6 pmol / mg, P = 0.002) uye yakawedzera kutaura kwe cannabinoid receptor 2 (0.7 ± 0.1 vs. 1.0 = 0.80, P = 0.8, P).Kurapa kwacho hakuna kunyatso kushandura IBS biological profile, kusanganisira mast cell count.Kuenzaniswa ne placebo, palmithoylethanolamide/polydatin yakanyatso kuvandudza kurwadziwa kwepadumbu (P <0.05).

• mhedziso:Mhedzisiro yakaratidzwa yezvokudya zvinowedzera palmithoylethanolamide / polydatin pamarwadzo emimba kune varwere vane IBS inoratidza kuti iyi inzira inovimbisa yepanyama yekugadzirisa marwadzo mumamiriro ezvinhu aya.Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvino zvinodikanwa kuti zvijekese maitiro ekuita kwepalmithoylethanolamide/polydatin muIBS.ClinicalTrials.gov nhamba,NCT01370720.

Transl Stroke Res. 2016 Feb;7(1):54-69.

Co-ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide/Luteolin muKurapa kweCerebral Ischemia: kubva kuRodent kuenda kuMunhu.

 

 

 

Varwere vakapihwa Glialia® kwenguva yemazuva makumi matanhatu.

Barthel Index maitiro aive 26.6 ± 1.69, 48.3 ± 1.91, uye 60.5 ± 1.95 paT0 (242

varwere), T30 (229 varwere), uye T60 (218

varwere), zvichiteerana.

Paive nemusiyano wakakura mukuvandudzika pakati peT0 neT30 (***p<0.0001) uye pakati peT0 neT60 (###p<0.0001).Uyezve, pakanga paine musiyano wakakosha zvakare pakati peT30 neT60 (p<0.0001).

Varwere vechikadzi vairatidza zvibodzwa zvakaderera pane varume, uye hurema hwainyanya muvarwere

Zvinodhaka Devel Ther. 2016 Sep 27;10:3133-3141.

Resolvins uye aliamides: lipid autacoids mune ophthalmology - chii vimbiso yavanobata?

• Resolvins (Rvs) imhando yekirasi yelipid-inotorwa endogenous mamorekuru(autacoids) ine simba immunomodulating zvivakwa, izvo zvinogadzirisa chikamu chekugadzirisa chemhinduro inoshanda yekudzivirira.
  • Izvi zvinogadzirisa zvinhu zvinogadzirwa munharaunda, zvichipesvedzera kushanda kwemaseru uye / kana matishu, ayo anogadzirwa pakudiwa uye anozogadziriswa metabolized mumaseru akafanana uye / kana matishu.
  • Autacoid pharmacology, yakagadzirwa muma1970s, mishonga yeautacoid ingangove iyo yemuviri-yega makomisheni pachayo kana anotangira kana zvimwe zvinobva pazviri, zviri nani zvichibva pamakemikari ari nyore, akadai se5- hydroxytryptophan, precursor ye serotonin.
  • Basa rakakosha reautacoids yeaya makirasi ndeye kuvharisa hyperactivated immune cascades uye nekudaro kuita senge "mira" chiratidzo mukuzvimba maitiro neimwe nzira ichive pathological.
    • Muna 1993, mubairo weNobel Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909-2012) akagadzira izwi rekuti "aliamides" yemakomponi akadaro, achishanda pane inhibiting uye modulating basa repalmitoylethanolamide (PEA) mumaseru anoshanda zvakanyanya.
    • Pfungwa ye aliamides yakatorwa kubva kune acronymALIA: autocoid yemuno kuzvimba anopikisa.
    • Izwi iri rakapinda mundima yeN-acetylethanolamides autacoids, yakadai sePEA, kunyange zvazvo "aliamide" yakatsanangurwa naLevi-Montalcini sechigadziro chemidziyo yevose lipid-inhibiting uye -modulating mediators.Izvo zvaizosanganisirawo maRvs, maprotein, uye maresins.
    • Rvs metabolites ye polyunsaturated ω-3 fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), uye docosapentaenoic acid (DPA).
      • Mametabolites eEPA anonzi E Rvs (RvEs), ayo eDHA anonzi D Rvs (RvDs), uye ayo eDPA anonzi Rvs D.

(RvDsn-3DPA) uye Rvs T (RvTs).

• Protectins uye maresins anobva ku ω-3 fatty acid DHA.

J Ophthalmol. 2015;2015:430596.

Palmitoylethanolamide, Natural Retinoprotectant: Yayo Inoisa Kukosha Kwekurapa kweGlaucoma uye Diabetic Retinopathy.

 

Retinopathy inotyisa kumaziso, uye glaucoma uye chirwere cheshuga ndizvo zvinonyanya kukonzera kukanganisa kwemasero eretinal.Maonero achangoburwa akaratidzira nzira yakajairika yepathogenetic yezvinetso zviviri izvi, zvichibva mukuzvimba kusingaperi.

PEA yakaongororwa glaucoma, chirwere cheshuga retinopathy, uye uveitis, pathological state yakavakirwa pakuzvimba kusingaperi, kusagadzikana kwekufema, uye akasiyana emarwadzo syndromes mune akati wandei miedzo yekiriniki kubva ku70s ye20th century.

PEA yakaedzwa mune inokwana 9 kaviri mapofu eplacebo zvidzidzo zvakadzorwa, pakati pezvidzidzo zviviri zvaive muglaucoma, uye zvakaonekwa kuti zvakachengeteka uye zvinoshanda kusvika 1.8 g / zuva, nekushivirira kwakanyanya.PEA saka inobata chivimbiso mukurapa kwehuwandu hweretinopathies.

PEA inowanikwa sechikafu chekuwedzera (PeaPure) uye sechikafu chekudya chezvinangwa zvekurapa muItari (Normast, PeaVera, uye Visimast).

Zvigadzirwa izvi zvinoziviswa muItari nezverutsigiro rwehutano muglaucoma uye neuroinflammation.Tinokurukura PEA semushonga unorwisa-kuzvimba uye retinoprotectant mukurapa retinopathies, kunyanya zvine chekuita neglaucoma uye chirwere cheshuga.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Kusiyana kwema molecular zvinangwa zvePEA.PPAR: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor;GPR-55: 119-nherera G-protein yakabatanidzwa receptors;CCL: chemokine ligand;COX: cyclooxygenase;iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase;TRPV: kwenguva pfupi receptor inogona cation chiteshi subfamily V;IL: interleukin;Kv1.5,4.3: potassium voltage gated migero;Mutero-4 R: mutero-semugamuchiri.

Clin Interv Kuchembera. 2014 Jul 17;9:1163-9.

N-palmitoylethanolamine uye N-acetylethanolamine inoshanda mune asteatotic eczema: mhedzisiro yea randomized, double-blind, controlled study muvarwere ve60.

 

 

 

• ZVAKAITIKA:Asteatotic eczema (AE) inoratidzwa nekufunuka, kuoma, hutsinye, uye kuyera ganda.Mishonga yeAE inonyanya kuita emollients, kazhinji ine urea, lactic acid, kana munyu welactate.N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) uye N- acetylethanolamine (AEA) ese ari maviri endogenous lipids anoshandiswa seanoveli maturusi ekurapa mukurapa kwezvirwere zvakawanda zveganda.Chinangwa chechidzidzo ichi chaive chekuenzanisa PEA/AEA emollient neyakajairwa emollient mukurapa kweAE.
• NZIRA:A monocentric, randomized, double-blind, kuenzanisa kuedza kwakaitwa mu60 AE varwere kuti vaongorore uye vaenzanise kushanda kwevaviri emollients.Chiyero chekuoma kweganda pakati pezvidzidzo zvakabva kune zvinyoro kusvika pakati.Iwo ezvidzidzo 'sganda barriers basa uye ikozvino maonero ekuona akaedzwa kwemazuva makumi maviri nemasere nekiriniki scoring uye bioengineering tekinoroji.
• RESULTS:Zvigumisiro zvakaratidza kuti, kunyange zvazvo mamwe maitiro akavandudzwa mumapoka ose ari maviri, boka rinoshandisa emollient rine PEA/AEA rakaratidza kuchinja kweganda riri nani mukukwanisa.Zvisinei, chinonyanya kufadza kuwana kwaiva kukwanisa kwePEA / AEA emollient kuwedzera 5 Hz ikozvino maonero echikumbaridzo kusvika kune yakajairwa nhanho mushure memazuva manomwe, paine musiyano wakakosha pakati pezvakakosha pakutanga uye mushure memazuva gumi nemana.Ikozvino yekuona chikumbaridzo che5 Hz chaive chakanaka uye chakabatana zvakanyanya neganda remvura hydration uye yakabatana zvisina kunaka nekurasikirwa kwemvura yetransepidermal muPEA/AEA emollient boka.
• mhedziso: Kuenzaniswa neyechinyakare emollients, kugaro shandiswa kweiyo topical PEA/AEA emollient kunogona kuvandudza mashandiro eganda uye anoshanda panguva imwe chete.

 

 

Shanduko mukunyorova kweganda pamusoro pemazuva makumi maviri nemasere

 

 

Kuenzaniswa neyechinyakare emollient, iyo PEA/AEA emollient inogona panguva imwe chete kudzora ese ari maviri "passive" uye "anoshanda" mabasa eganda, kusanganisira kuvandudzwa kweganda uye kudzoreredza lipid lamellae, kunzwa kweganda, uye kugona kwekudzivirira muviri.

 

Iyo PEA inoshanda sei

• Maitiro ekuita kwePEA inosanganisirazvazvinoita panyukireyareceptorPPARα(Gabrielsson et al., 2016).
• Inosanganisirawo mast masero, cannabinoidreceptormhando yechipiri (CB2)-kufananacannabinoidreceptors,ATP-inonzwisisika potassium-nzira, inoperareceptorzvinogona (TRP) nzira, uye nyukireyafactorpamba B (NFkB).
• Inogonaaffectendocannabinoid kusaina nekuita seanokwikwidzasubstrate yeiyo endocannabinoid homologue anandamide (N- arachidonoylethanolamine).
• Gut-brain axis: Basa re lipids mukati kudzora kuzvimba, kurwadziwa uye CNS zvirwere.

 

 

 

 

 

Curr Med Chem. 2017 Feb

16.

Gut-brain axis: Basa re lipids mukugadzirisa kuzvimba, kurwadziwa uye CNS zvirwere.

 

 

 

 

 

 

• Ura hwemunhu inzvimbo inoumbwa neanaerobic ine yakakura, yakasiyana-siyana uye ine simba enteric microbiota, inomiririrwa neanodarika 100 matiriyoni tupukanana, kusanganisira angangoita zana akasiyana marudzi.
• Kuwanikwa kwekuti imwe hutachiona hwakasiyana hunogona kukanganisa maitiro nekuziva, uyezve hurongwa hwetsinga hunogona kukanganisa zvisina kunanga enteric microbiota kuumbwa, zvakabatsira zvakanyanya kumisikidza yakagamuchirwa pfungwa yegut-brain axis.

 

• Iyi fungidziro inotsigirwa nehumbowo hwakati wandei hunoratidza nzira dzekubatana, dzinosanganisira tsinga isina kujeka, immune system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis modulation uye mabhakitiriya anotorwa.

metabolites.

 

• Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakanangana nekutsanangudza basa reiyo axis muhutano uye chirwere, kubva mukushushikana-ane hukama sekushushikana, kuzvidya mwoyo uye kushatirwa bowel syndrome (IBS) kune neurodevelopmental kusagadzikana, senge autism, uye kune neurodegenerative zvirwere, seParkinson. Chirwere, Chirwere cheAlzheimer nezvimwe.

 

• Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, uye tichifunga nezve kukosha kwekushandurwa kweiyo symbiotic state pakati pekugamuchira uye microbiota, ongororo iyi inotarisa pane basa uye kubatanidzwa kwebioactive lipids, senge N- acylethanolamine (NAE) mhuri ine nhengo huru dziri N-arachidonoylethanolamine. (AEA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) uye oleoilethanolamide (OEA), uye mapfupi cheni fatty acids (SCFAs), senge butyrate, yeboka rakakura rebioactive lipids rinokwanisa kuenzanisa peripheral uye yepakati pathologic maitiro.

 

• Yakanyatsosimbiswa basa ravo rinoshanda mukuzvimba, kurwadziwa kwakanyanya uye kusingaperi, kufutisa uye chirwere chepakati chetsinga.Yakaratidzwa kuwirirana kunobvira pakati peaya lipids uye gut microbiota kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana.Zvechokwadi, maitiro ekugadzirisa mabhakitiriya chaiwo anogona kuderedza marwadzo emimba kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwe cannabinoid receptor 1 mugonzo;kune rumwe rutivi, PEA inoderedza kuzvimba zviratidzo mumurine modhi yechirwere chinoputika chirwere (IBD), uye butyrate, inogadzirwa negut microbiota, inoshanda mukuderedza kuzvimba uye kurwadziwa mukutsamwisa bowel syndrome uye IBD mhuka mhando.

 

• Muchidzidzo ichi, tinosimbisa hukama pakati pekuzvimba, kurwadziwa, microbiota uye lipids dzakasiyana, tichitarisa pane zvingangoitika zveNAEs neSCFAs mugut-brain axis uye basa ravo mukati mehutano hwehutano hwehutano.

Mhedzisiro yepalmitoylethanolamide (PEA) paAkt/mTOR/p70S6K axis activation uye HIF- 1α kutaura muDSS-induced colitis uye mune ulcerative colitis.

 

 

 

PLoS Imwe.2016;11(5): e0156198.

 

 

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) inhibits colitis-inobatanidza angiogenesis mumakonzo.(A) DSS-induced colitis yakakonzera kuwedzera kukuru kweHb-content mucolonic mucosa, PEA inokwanisa kuderedza, mune imwe nzira-inotenderera, Hb-content in colitis mice;chiitiko ichi chakaramba chiripo pamberi pePPARγ anopikisa (GW9662) apo yakabviswa nePPARα antagonist (MK866).(B) Immunohistochemical mifananidzo inoratidza kutaura kweCD31 pane isina kubatwa mice colonic mucosa (panel 1), DSS-yakabatwa mice colonic mucosa (panel 2), DSS-yakabatwa mice colonic mucosa pamberi pePEA (10 mg / Kg) chete (panel 3), PEA (10 mg / Kg) pamwe neMK866 10 mg / Kg (panel 4), uye PEA (10 mg / Kg) pamwe neGW9662 1 mg / Kg (panel 5).Kukudza 20X;chikero bhaa: 100μm.Girafu inopfupikisa huwandu hwehuwandu hweCD31 kutaura (%) pamakonzo colonic mucosa mumapoka akafanana ekuedza, kuratidza kuderedzwa kweCD31 kutaura mumakonzo ecolitic mushure mekutonga kwePEA, kunze kweboka rakabatwawo neanopikisa PPARα.

(C) VEGF kusunungurwa kwakaguma nekuwedzera kwemakonzo akabatwa neDSS uye yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya nePEA kurapwa mune PPARα inotsamira.(D) Kuongorora kweWestern blot uye

hama densitometric ongororo (mayuniti akasarudzika akajairwa pakutaura kwekuchengetedza imba protein β-actin) yeVEGF-receptor (VEGF-R) kutaura, kuratidza mhedzisiro yakafanana kuVEGF kuburitswa.Mibairo inoratidzwa sezvinoreva ±SD.*p<0.05, **p<0.01 uye ***p<0.001 maringe nemakonzo akabatwa neDSS

PLoS Imwe.2016;11(5): e0156198.

Sci Rep. 2017 Mar 23;7(1):375.

Palmitoylethanolamide induces microglia shanduko inobatanidza nekuwedzera kutama uye phagocytic chiitiko: kubatanidzwa kweCB2 receptor.

 

• Iyo endogenous fatty acid amide palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) yakaratidzwa kuita anti-inflammatory zviito kunyanya kuburikidza nekudzivisa kusunungurwa kwepro-inflammatory molecules kubva kumast cells, monocytes uye macrophages.Indirect activation ye endocannabinoid (eCB) system iri pakati penzira dzinoverengeka dzekuita dzakarongedzerwa kudzika mhedzisiro dzakasiyana dzePEA muvivo.
• Muchidzidzo ichi, takashandisa tsika yemakonzo microglia uye macrophage evanhu kuongorora kana PEA inokanganisa eCB kusaina.
• PEA yakawanikwa kuwedzera CB2 mRNA uye mapuroteni kutaura kuburikidza ne peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) activation.
  • Iyi novel gene regulation mechanism yakaratidzwa kuburikidza: (i)

pharmacological PPAR-α manipulation, (ii) PPAR-α mRNA kunyarara,

(iii) chromatin immunoprecipitation.

• Uyezve, kuratidzwa kuPEA kwakakonzera shanduko ye morphological yakabatana neiyo reactive microglial phenotype, kusanganisira kuwedzera phagocytosis uye kutama-tama.
• Zvatinowana zvinoratidza kusarongeka kweiyo microglial CB2R kutaura senzira nyowani inogoneka iri pasi pemhedzisiro yePEA.PEA inogona kuongororwa sechishandiso chinobatsira chekudzivirira/kurapa zviratidzo zvine chekuita neuroinflammation muCNS kusagadzikana.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Muenzaniso we2-AG metabolism uye mupiro wayo unogoneka kune kurwadziwa kwepashure.Enzymes inopindirana 2-AG metabolism.2-AG metabolism inoitika kunyanya kuburikidza nehydrolysis ne monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), inobereka arachidonic acid, iyo inozoshandurwa kuva eicosanoids neCOX uye LOX enzymes.Mukuwedzera, 2-AG inogona kushandiswa mu prostaglandin glycerol esters (PG-Gs) ne COX-2 uye hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid glycerol esters (HETE-Gs) neLOX enzymes.

 

 

Marwadzo. 2015 Feb;156(2):341-7.

Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2017 Feb 27;5(2):e00300.

Iyo anti-inflammatory compound palmitoylethanolamide inhibits prostaglandin uye hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid kugadzirwa ne macrophage cell line.

 

Mhedzisiro yePEA pamazinga e (A) PGD2;(B) PGE2;(C) 11-HETE;(D) 15-HETE;(E) 9-HODE uye (F) 13-HODE mukati

LPS + IFNγ-yakarapwa RAW264.7 masero.

Masero (2.5 × 105 patsime) akawedzerwa kumahwendefa matanhatu-matsime ane LPS (0.1).μg/mL zvakanaka) uye INFγ (100 U / mL) uye tsika pa 37 ° C kwe24 h.PEA (3μmol/L, P3;kana 10μmol/L, P10) kana mota yakawedzerwa pakutanga kwenguva ino yekurima (“24 h”) kana kwemaminetsi makumi matatu mushure meLPS + INF.γ incubation phase ("30 min").

TheP kukosha kwaibva kumutsara wemamodhi kune makuru mamhedzisiro chete (yepamusoro mitsara mitatu,ti = chikamu chenguva, ine 30 min sereferensi kukosha) kana yemuenzaniso inosanganisira kupindirana (pazasi mitsara miviri), yakaverengerwa uchishandisat-kugovera kwakatemwa nebootstrap nekutsiva sampling (10,000 iterations) yedata iri pasi peiyo null hypothesis.Zvinogoneka uye zvinogoneka kunze, zvakamisikidzwa muBoxplot (Tukey) mapurani, anoratidzwa semakona matatu uye matsvuku masikweya, zvichiteerana.Iwo anogona kubuda kunze akaverengerwa muongororo yenhamba, nepo iyo inogoneka kunze yakabviswa.Iwo mabhawa anomiririra epakati kukosha mushure mekubviswa kweanogona kubuda kunze (n = 11–12).Kune 11-HETE, iyoP kukosha kweseti yese yedata (kureva kusanganisira iyo inogoneka kunze) yaive:ti, 0.87;P3, 0.86;P10, 0.0020;ti × P3, 0.83;ti x P10, 0.93.

 

KUNWA KWEPEA

 

• PEA parizvino inowanikwa pasi rese muchimiro chezvekudya zvekuwedzera, chikafu chekurapa, uye / kana nutraceuticals mune akasiyana magadzirirwo, ane uye asina excipients (Hesselink naKopsky, 2015).
• PEA parizvino inotengeswa kuti ishandiswe muzvipfuyo (mamiriro eganda, Redonyl ™, yakagadzirwa neInnovet) uye sekudya kunovaka muviri muvanhu (Normast™ nePelvilen™, yakagadzirwa neEpitech; PeaPure™, yakagadzirwa naJP Russel Science Ltd.) mune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope. (semuenzaniso Italy, Spain neNetherlands) (Gabrielsson et al., 2016).
• Iyo zvakare inhengo yekirimu (Physiogel AI ™, yakagadzirwa naStiefel) inotengeswa ganda rakaoma (Gabrielsson et al., 2016).
• Ultramicronized PEA yakanyoreswa sechikafu chezvinangwa zvakakosha neItaly Ministry of Health uye haina kunyorwa kuti ishandiswe mukurwadziwa kweuropathic (Andersen et al., 2015).
• Iyo Food and Drug Administration (FDA) haisati yamboongorora kuchengetedzwa kwePEA.Iko hakuna mirau muUS inobvumidza kushandiswa kwePEA sechikafu chekuwedzera kana GRAS chinhu.

 

 

FDA paChikafu chekurapa

• MuUS, chikafu chekurapa chikamu chakakosha chechigadzirwa chinodzorwa neFDA.

• MuEurope, chikamu chakafanana chinodaidzwa kuti "Zvokudya zveZvinangwa Zvikuru Zvokurapa" (FSMPs) inofukidzwa neChikafu cheKunovaka Kunovaka Kushandiswa kuraira uye kunodzorwa neEuropean Commission (EC).
• Muna 1988 FDA yakaita nhanho dzekukurudzira kusimukira kwechikamu chezvekudya zvekurapa nekupa zvigadzirwa chimiro chemishonga yenherera.
  • Kuchinja kwemitemo uku kunoderedza mari uye nguva yakabatana nekuunza zvokudya zvemishonga kumusika, sezvo kare kare kudya kwemishonga kwaiitwa semishonga yemishonga.
  • Zvikafu zvekurapa hazvidiwe kuti uongorore premarket kana kubvumidzwa neFDA.Pamusoro pezvo, ivo vanoregererwa kubva pazvinyorwa zvinodikanwa zvezvichemo zvehutano uye zvichemo zvemukati zviri pasi peNutrition Labeling uye Dzidzo Act ya1990.
    • Kusiyana nekudya kwekuwedzera, izvo zvinorambidzwa kuita zvirevo zvechirwere uye zvakagadzirirwa vanhu vane hutano, chikafu chekurapa chakagadzirirwa vanhu vane chirwere.
    • Zvikumbiro zvechirwere zvinofanirwa kutsigirwa nehumbowo hwesainzi hunotsigira zvirevo zvekubudirira kwekutonga kwechirwere chechirwere.
    • Zvese zvinongedzo zvinofanirwa kubvumidzwa zvekuwedzera zvekudya kana kuiswa se GRAS.

 

FDA paChikafu chekurapa

 

• Iyo US FDA inosarudza chikafu chekurapa sechikamu chezvinhu zvakagadzirirwa kiriniki yekudya manejimendi yeimwe mamiriro kana chirwere.Maitiro chaiwo anodiwa kuti ugamuchire iyi FDA kudomwa inosanganisira kuti chigadzirwa chinofanira kunge chiri:
  • Chikafu chakanyatsogadzirwa chekudya nemuromo kana chemukati;
  • Kune yekiriniki yekudya manejimendi yehumwe chirwere chekurapa, chirwere kana abnormal mamiriro ayo kune akasiyana ekudya zvinodikanwa;
  • Yakagadzirwa neInowanzo Kuzivikanwa SeYakachengeteka (GRAS) mameseji;
  • Mukuteerana nemirairo yeFDA ine chekuita nekunyora, zvichemo zvechigadzirwa uye

kugadzira.

• Sechikamu chekurapa, chikafu chekurapa chakasiyana kubva kune ese madhiragi uye ekuwedzera.
  • Mazita anofanirwa kusanganisira mutsara wekuti, "kushandiswa pasi pekutariswa nachiremba," sezvo chikafu chekurapa chinogadzirwa pasi pemaitiro akaomarara ekugadzira uye kuchengetedza yakakwira manyorero.

Zvikafu zvekurapa ndizvo zvinotevera hombe zvezvikafu zvakaputirwa here?

• Mikana muchikamu chekudya kwekurapa chiri kukura;musika unofungidzirwa kuve unokosha madhora mabhiriyoni gumi nemashanu, maereranoTheWallStreet Journal.
• Makambani makuru echikafu, anosanganisira Nestle neHormel, ari kuita mari muR&D nemitsetse yezvigadzirwa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa pakurapa nezvekudya.
  • Nestle yakaburitsa a$500 mamiriyoni bhajeti kutsigira kutsvaga chikafu chekurapa kuburikidza ne2021.
  • Nezvezvinetso, kuwana sainzi chaiko uye zvakare kuwana kuvimba nebasa rehutano zvinoita sekukosha
    • Vagadziri vezvekusanganisa vanofanirwa kufambirana netsvagiridzo yesainzi yekurapa uye pamwe vabatane nemayunivhesiti ekutsvagisa kuti vabatikane, kungave kutsigira kutsvagisa kana kuwana ruzivo rwakakosha.

Mienzaniso chaiyo yezvikafu zvinotengeswa zvekurapa uye zvavanoda kushandiswa

• Axona (caprylic triglyceride) -Chirwere cheAlzheimer[5]
  • Banatrol Plus (mabhanana flakes /Bimunogalacto-oligosaccharide -manyoka[6]
  • Deplin (l-methylfolate) -kuora mwoyo[7]
  • Fosteum (genistein aglycone/citrated zinc bisglycinate/cholecalciferol)

-osteopenia uyeosteoporosis[8]

• Limbrel (flavocoxid) -osteoarthritis[9]
• Metanx (L-methylfolate calcium/pyridoxal 5′- phosphate/methylcobalamin) –chirwere cheshuga neuropathy[10]
• Theramine (l-arginine, 5-htp, histidine, l-glutamine) -myalgia[11]