Imithi, izidalwa eziqhelekileyo ezisijikelezileyo, zihambelana nophuhliso kunye nendawo yokuhlala yempucuko yabantu.Ukususela ekuqhubeni iinkuni zomlilo ukuya ekwakheni izindlu zemithi, ukusuka kwizixhobo zokuvelisa, ifenitshala yokwakha ukuya kuphuhliso lobugcisa bokwenza iphepha, ukunikezelwa okuthe cwaka kwemithi akunakuhlukaniswa.Kule mihla, ubudlelwane obusondeleyo phakathi kwemithi kunye nabantu bungene kuzo zonke iinkalo zemisebenzi yabantu kunye nobomi.
Imithi ligama eliqhelekileyo lezityalo zemithi, kuquka imithi, amatyholo kunye nemidiliya enemithi.Imithi ikakhulu zizityalo zembewu.Phakathi kweefern, kuphela iifern zemithi yimithi.Kukho malunga nama-8,000 eentlobo zemithi eTshayina.Ukongeza kwizinto eziqhelekileyo ezinomsoco kunye nezempilo ezivela kwimithi yeziqhamo, kukwakho ezinye izithako zendalo ezivela emithini ezikwayingqwalasela yezondlo kunye neshishini lezempilo.Namhlanje siza kushwankathela izinto ezisebenzayo ezivela kule mithi.
1.Taxol
I-Taxol, njenge-diterpene alkaloid ikhompawundi kunye nomsebenzi we-anticancer, yaqala ukuhlukaniswa kwixolo le-Pacific yew.Ngo-Agasti 1962, ingcali ngezityalo yeSebe lezoLimo lase-US u-Arthur Barclay waqokelela iisampulu zamasebe, amaxolo kunye neziqhamo ze-yew yePasifiki kwihlathi lesizwe eliseWashington State.Ezi sampuli zathunyelwa kwi-Wisconsin alumni yophando Isiseko siqhuba ukutsalwa kunye nokwahlula.Kwaqinisekiswa ukuba isicatshulwa esikrwada sexolo sinefuthe eliyingozi kwiiseli ze-KB.Kamva, i-chemist Wall yayithiya le nto inokuthi ichasene nomhlaza taxol (taxol).
Emva kwenani elikhulu lovavanyo lwesayensi kunye nokuqinisekiswa kweklinikhi, i-paclitaxel ingasetyenziselwa unyango lomhlaza wamabele, umhlaza we-ovarian, kunye nomhlaza wentloko kunye nentamo kunye nomhlaza wemiphunga.Kule mihla, i-paclitaxel kudala yaba liyeza lendalo elichasene nomhlaza kwimarike yehlabathi.Ngokunyuka kwabemi bomhlaba kunye neziganeko zamathumba anobungozi, imfuno yabantu ye-paclitaxel inyuke kakhulu.Nangona kunjalo, i-paclitaxel iphantsi kwendalo, malunga ne-0.004% kwi-yew bark, kwaye akulula ukuyifumana.Kwaye umxholo uyaguquguquka ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka, indawo yemveliso kunye nendawo yokuqokelela.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yendlela yomdla, kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo yekhulu lama-20, ngaphezu kwe-80% ye-yew emhlabeni yanqunyulwa.Iiyew ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3 kwiiNtaba zeHengduan kwintshona yeYunnan, eTshayina azizange zisinde, yaye inkoliso yazo yahluthwa amaxolo., Wafa ngokuthula.Esi saqhwithi “sokubulala” saphela kancinci de onke amazwe amisela imithetho ekwalela ukugawulwa kwemithi.
Ukukhupha amayeza kwimithombo yendalo ukuze kuxhamle izigulane yinto efanelekileyo yokunyanga izifo kunye nokugcina abantu, kodwa indlela yokufumana ukulingana phakathi kokuphuhliswa kweyeza kunye nokukhuselwa kwemithombo yendalo yingxaki enokwenene ekufuneka sibhekane nayo namhlanje.Ukujongana nengxaki ye-paclitaxel yokubonelela ngezinto eziluhlaza, izazinzulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zaqala ukwenza iinzame ezahlukeneyo.Ikakhulu ibandakanya ukuhlanganiswa kwekhemikhali iyonke, isemi-synthesis, i-endophytic fermentation kunye nebhayoloji yokwenziwa.Kodwa into enokuveliswa ngokurhweba iseyindlela ye-semi-synthetic, oko kukuthi, amasebe e-yew akhula ngokukhawuleza akhula ngokukhawuleza kunye namagqabi asetyenziswa njengezinto ezisetyenziswayo ukukhupha i-10-deacetyl baccatin III (10-DAB), enesakhiwo esingundoqo esifanayo. njenge paclitaxel, kwaye emva koko uyidibanise kwi-paclitaxel.Le ndlela ineendleko eziphantsi kune-extraction yendalo kwaye ihambelana nokusingqongileyo.Ndiyakholelwa ukuba ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yebhayoloji yokwenziwa, ukuhlelwa kofuzo, kunye nophuhliso lweeseli ze-chassis ezenziweyo, umnqweno wokusebenzisa ii-microorganisms ukuvelisa i-paclitaxel uya kuzaliseka kungekudala.
2.Isicatshulwa sexolo lomngcunube
Ixolo lomngcunube elimhlophe licandelo okanye ixolo lomngcunube losapho lwe Willow.Icandelo eliphambili le-white bark extract yi-salicin.Njenge "aspirin yendalo", i-salicin isoloko isetyenziselwa ukuthomalalisa umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu kunye nokudumba kwamalungu e-rheumatic.Izithako ezisebenzayo ezisebenzayo kwi-white bark extract zibandakanya i-tea polyphenols kunye ne-flavonoids.Ezi khemikhali zimbini zine-anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-fever kwaye zomeleza imiphumo ye-immune granule.
Kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo, i-salicylic acid kwi-willow bark yaqala ukunceda abantu ukulwa neentlungu, umkhuhlane, i-rheumatism kunye nezinye izifo.Kubhalwe kwi-"Shen Nong's Materia Medica" ukuba iingcambu, amagxolo, amasebe kunye namagqabi omthi womngcunube anokusetyenziswa njengeyeza, elineempembelelo zokucoca ukushisa kunye nokukhupha, ukukhusela umoya kunye ne-diuresis;IYiputa yamandulo ngaphambi kwe-2000, ebhalwe kwi-"Ebers Planting Manuscript", isebenzisa amagqabi omngcunube omisiweyo Ukuphelisa intlungu;U-Hippocrates, ugqirha owaziwayo wamandulo waseGrike kunye "noyise weyeza", ukhankanye umphumo we-willow bark kwimibhalo yakhe.
Uphononongo lwezonyango lwangoku lufumanise ukuba ukuthathwa kwemihla ngemihla kwe-1360mg yexolo lomngcunube elimhlophe (eliqulathe i-240mg yesalicin) kunokuphelisa iintlungu zamalungu kunye nesifo samathambo emva kweeveki ezimbini.Ukusebenzisa i-high-dose emhlophe ye-willow bark extract kunokunceda ukukhulula iintlungu zangasemva, ngakumbi kwiintloko ezinomkhuhlane ophezulu.
3.Pine Bark Extract
I-Pycnogenol sisicatshulwa esivela kwixolo lompayina oselunxwemeni lwaseFransi, elikhula kuphela kwelona hlathi likhulu lohlobo olunye eYurophu kummandla weLandes kunxweme olukumazantsi-ntshona eFransi.Enyanisweni, ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, i-bark yemithi yepine isetyenziselwa ukutya kunye neyeza, kwaye njengemveliso engcwele yeyeza zonyango.U-Hippocrates (ewe, kwakhona) wasebenzisa i-pine bark ukunyanga izifo ezivuthayo.Wagalela inwebu engaphakathi yexolo lomthi wompayini kwinxeba elidumbileyo, iintlungu, okanye isilonda.IiLaplanders kumntla Yurophu wale mihla zacolwa amaxolo ompayini zaza zongeza kumgubo wokwenza isonka ukuze zimelane nemimoya eqhaqhazelisa amazinyo ebusika.
I-Pycnogenol iqukethe i-bioflavonoids kunye ne-phenolic fruit acids, kuquka i-oligomeric proanthocyanidins, i-catechol, i-epicatechin, i-taxifolin, kunye neentlobo zeziqhamo ze-phenolic acids ezifana ne-ferulic acid kunye ne-caffeic acid Kwaye ngaphezu kwe-40 izithako ezisebenzayo.Iyakwazi ukukhupha i-radicals yamahhala, ivelise i-nitric oxide, kwaye ineziphumo ezininzi ezifana nokulibazisa ukuguga, ukuhombisa ulusu, ukomeleza imithambo yegazi, ukukhusela intliziyo kunye nengqondo, ukuphucula umbono kunye nokwandisa amandla.
Ukongeza, kukho izicatshulwa ze-pine bark eziveliswe yiNkampani ye-Enzhuo yaseNew Zealand.I-New Zealand pine ekhethekileyo ikhula kwindawo ecocekileyo kunye nendalo.Ikumthombo wamanzi wesiselo sesizwe saseNew Zealand, esona siselo sidumileyo iL&P.Ayiqulathanga naziphi na izinto eziyityhefu phambi kokuba ilungiswe., Uze usebenzise ubuchwephesha bamanzi acocekileyo obufumene inani lamalungelo awodwa abenzi bomhlaba ukufumana utywala obusulungekileyo bepine obusulungekileyo ngokutsalwa kwendalo okusulungekileyo.Izixhobo zenkampani zibekwe kwimpilo yengqondo, kwaye ngokusekwe koku njengesithako esiphambili, iye yaphuhlisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zezongezo zempilo yobuchopho.
4.Ginkgo Biloba Extract
I-Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) isicatshulwa esenziwe kumagqabi omisiweyo e-Ginkgo biloba, isityalo sentsapho yaseGinkgo, esinamacandelo amachiza anzima.Okwangoku, ngaphezu kwe-160 iikhompawundi ziye zahlukaniswa kuyo, kuquka i-flavonoids, i-terpenoid lactones, i-polypentenols, kunye ne-organic acids.Phakathi kwazo, i-flavonoids kunye ne-terpene lactones zizalathisi eziqhelekileyo zolawulo lomgangatho we-GBE kunye namalungiselelo ayo, kwaye zingawona macandelo asebenzayo e-GBE.Banokuphucula i-microcirculation yentliziyo kunye nemithambo yobuchopho, bakhuphe i-oxygen free radicals, kwaye bayasebenza kuxinzelelo lwegazi, i-arteriosclerosis, kunye nengqondo ebukhali.I-Infarction kunye nezinye izifo zentliziyo kunye ne-cerebrovascular zineziphumo ezingcono zonyango.Amalungiselelo afana namagqabi e-ginkgo, iipilisi kunye neepilisi ezithontsizayo ezenziwe nge-GBE njengezinto ezikrwada ngoku zithandwa kakhulu izongezo ezityiwayo kunye namayeza eYurophu nase-United States.
IJamani kunye neFransi ngamazwe okuqala ukukhupha i-ginkgo flavonoids kunye ne-ginkgolides kumagqabi e-ginkgo.Amalungiselelo e-GBE kula mazwe mabini anesabelo esithe kratya kwihlabathi, njengenkampani yaseJamani iSchwabe exuba amayeza (iSchwabe) Tebonin, iBeaufor-Ipsen's Tanakan yaseFransi, njl.
ilizwe lam lityebile kwimithombo yamagqabi eginkgo.Imithi ye-ginkgo i-akhawunti malunga ne-90% yemithombo yemithi ye-ginkgo yehlabathi.Yeyona ndawo iphambili yokuvelisa iginkgo, kodwa ayilolizwe elomeleleyo kwimveliso yamalungiselelo amagqabi eginkgo.Ngenxa yokuqalisa kade kophando lwangoku malunga nemithombo ye-ginkgo kwilizwe lam, kunye nemveliso ebuthathaka kunye nobuchule bokucubungula, kunye nefuthe leemveliso ezigqwethiweyo, imeko yemalike ye-GBE kwilizwe lam ithambile.Ngamanyathelo anje ngemigangatho yolawulo lomgangatho wasekhaya, ukudityaniswa kwenkqubo esele ikhona kunye namashishini emveliso, kunye nokwandiswa kobuchule beR&D kwishishini kunye nobugcisa bemveliso, ishishini lelizwe lam le-GBE liya kuzisa uphuhliso olusempilweni.
5.Intlaka yesiArabhu
I-Gum arabic luhlobo lwekhabhohayidrethi zendalo ezingatyiyo.Ngamasuntswana enziwe ngokwendalo ukusuka kwincindi yomthi womnga.Iinqununu eziphambili ziyi-polymer polysaccharides kunye ne-calcium, i-magnesium kunye neetyuwa ze-potassium.Lelona lizwe lolona hlobo lwakudala nolwaziwa kakhulu lwerabha yendalo.Ukulima kwayo kwezorhwebo kugxile kakhulu kumazwe aseAfrika anjengeSudan, iChad kunye neNigeria.Yimakethi ephantse yalawulwa kuphela.I-Sudan ithatha malunga ne-80% yemveliso ye-gum arabic yehlabathi.
I-Gum Arabic ibisoloko ifunwa ngenxa yeziphumo zayo ze-prebiotic kunye nefuthe layo kwincasa kunye nokubunjwa kokutya kunye neziselo.Ukusukela ekuqaleni koo-1970, inkampani yaseFransi iNexira iye yaxhasa imisebenzi emininzi ezinzileyo enxulumene neprojekthi ye-gum arabic, kuquka nenkxaso yendalo kunye neendlela zokuphembelela uluntu esebenza kulo.Yahlaziya amahlathi eehektare ezingama-27,100 kwaye yatyala imithi engaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2 isebenzisa iindlela zolawulo lwe-agroforestry.Ukongeza, sixhasa ngenkuthalo uphuhliso lwendalo eethe-ethe kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zezibonelelo zebhayoloji ngolimo oluzinzileyo.
I-Nexira ichaze ukuba iimveliso ze-gum arabic zenkampani ziyi-100% ezinyibilikayo emanzini, azinavumba, azinavumba, kwaye azinambala, kwaye zinozinzo oluhle phantsi kwenkqubo egqithisileyo kunye neemeko zokugcina, ezibenza zilungele izongezo zokutya kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi.Ukutya kunye neziselo.Inkampani ifake isicelo kwi-FDA ekupheleni kuka-2020 ukudwelisa i-gum arabic njengefayibha yokutya.
6.Isicatshulwa seBaobab
I-Baobab sisityalo esikhethekileyo kwintlango yeSahara yase Afrika, kwaye yaziwa ngokuba ngumthi wobomi wase Afrika (Baobab), kwaye kukutya kwesintu kubahlali base Afrika.I-African Baobab yenye yemithi eyaziwayo kwilizwekazi lase-Afrika, kodwa ikwakhula e-Oman, Yemen, kwi-Arabian Peninsula, Malaysia, kunye ne-Australia.Kwezinye iindawo zase-Afrika, isiselo seziqhamo i-Baobab esibizwa ngokuba yi-bouye sithandwa kakhulu.
Njengencasa esakhulayo, i-Baobab inencasa (ebizwa ngokuba yi-lemon light sweetness) ukuthungwa, kwaye ityebile kwiivithamini, iiminerali kunye ne-antioxidant, nto leyo eyenza ibe yimathiriyeli ekrwada eyodwa esempilweni.Umthengisi wayo wezinto eziluhlaza u-Nexira ukholelwa ukuba i-Baobab pulp powder ifanelekile kakhulu ekucoceni izicelo zeelebhile.Lo mgubo unencasa eyomelele kancinane kwaye kulula ukuwugalela ngobuninzi, obufana ne-milkshakes, imivalo yezempilo, iicereals zasekuseni, iyogathi, i-ayisikrimu okanye itshokolethi.Kwakhona idibanisa kakuhle nezinye iziqhamo super.I-baobab pulp powder eveliswa yi-Nexira isebenzisa kuphela isiqhamo somthi we-baobab, ngoko ke umthi ngokwawo awukamoshakali.Kwangaxeshanye, ukuthengwa kweNexira kuxhasa imigaqo-nkqubo yabahlali bendawo kwaye kunceda ukudala impembelelo entle yentlalo-qoqosho eAfrika.
7.Birch Bark Extract
Imithi ye-Birch ayinayo nje imbonakalo ethe tye kunye nobugorha, kodwa kunye neempawu zokuba namahlathi anqabileyo.Ngexesha lokuvuthuluka kwamagqabi, obona buhle bomzobi buhlala buhleli.Amaxolo anokwenziwa abe ngamaphepha, amasebe anokwenziwa abe ngamaplanga, kwaye eyona nto imangalisayo yi "birch sap".
Incindi ye-birch, eyaziwa ngokuba "ngumlandeli" wamanzi wekhokhonathi, inokutsalwa ngokuthe ngqo kwimithi ye-birch kwaye yaziwa ngokuba "sisiselo samahlathi endalo".Igxininisa amandla emithi ye-birch kwingingqi ye-alpine, kwaye iqulethe i-carbohydrates, i-amino acids, i-organic acids kunye neentlobo zeetyuwa ezingabonakaliyo eziyimfuneko kwaye zifakwe lula ngumzimba womntu.Phakathi kwazo, kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-20 ze-amino acids kunye ne-24 yeentlobo ze-inorganic elements, ngakumbi i-vitamin B1, i-B2 kunye ne-vitamin C. Inceda ulusu lugcine umswakama kwaye lugcine ukulingana kweendawo ezinamafutha kunye nezomileyo.Iimveliso ezininzi ezivelayo zisebenzisa ijusi ye-birch endaweni yamanzi ukwenza ulusu "oluthambileyo nolunwebekayo".Phakathi kweemveliso ezininzi zokunakekelwa kwesikhumba kunye neziselo ezisebenzayo, ijusi ye-birch yinto eyaziwayo kakhulu esebenzayo.
8.Isicatshulwa seMoringa
IMoringa ikwaluhlobo “lokutya okugqwesileyo” esihlala sisithi, ityebile kwiiprotheyini, iiasidi ezinamafutha, kunye neeminerali.Iintyatyambo zayo, amagqabi kunye nembewu yeMoringa zinexabiso eliphezulu lokusetyenziswa.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iMoringa itsale umdla kwishishini ngenxa yesiqulatho sayo sezondlo, kwaye kukho umkhwa wesibini obuthathaka "we-curcumin".
Imakethi yamazwe ngamazwe inethemba malunga nemibono yophuhliso lweMoringa.Ukusukela ngowama-2018 ukuya kowama-2022, iimveliso zeMoringa zehlabathi ziya kukhula ngomndilili wonyaka we-9.53%.Iimveliso zeMoringa ziza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya iindlela ezahlukeneyo zeti yeMoringa, ioyile yeMoringa, umgubo wamagqabi weMoringa kunye nembewu yeMoringa.Izinto ezibalulekileyo eziqhuba ukukhula okukhawulezayo kweemveliso zeMoringa zibandakanya ukonyuka komvuzo olahlwayo wabantu, ukonyuka kweendlela zokwaluphala, kunye newaka leminyaka abazimisele ukuzama izinto ezintsha.
Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso lwasekhaya lusekwinqanaba elisezantsi ngokwentelekiso.Nangona kunjalo, kuphando lwangoku olunxulumene neMoringa oleifera, amazwe angaphandle anika ingqwalasela kwixabiso lesondlo seMoringa oleifera, kwaye uphando lwasekhaya lungaphezulu malunga nexabiso lokondla leMoringa oleifera.Igqabi leMoringa lamkelwa njengesithako esitsha sokutya ngo-2012 (Isibhengezo esinguNombolo 19 seKomishini yezeMpilo noCwangciso loSapho).Ngokunzulu kophando, izibonelelo zeMoringa oleifera zeswekile, ngakumbi iingxaki zesifo seswekile, ziye zatsala ingqalelo.Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kunye nokukhawulezayo kwabaguli abanesifo seswekile kunye nabanesifo seswekile kwixesha elizayo, eli candelo linokuba yimpumelelo ekusetyenzisweni kwesicatshulwa seMoringa kwindawo yokutya.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-07-2021