Palmitoylethanolamide PEA

Palmitoylethanolamide

  • Palmitoylethanolamide(I-PEA), i-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-�) i-ligand eyenza izenzo zokulwa nokuvuvukala, i-analgesic, kanye ne-neuroprotective, yokwelashwa kwe-neuro- ukuvuvukala, ikakhulukazi okuhlobene nobuhlungu obungapheli, i-glaucoma kanye ne-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela.
    • Indlela(s) yesenzo se-PEA ibandakanya imiphumela yayo ku-nuclear receptor PPARα (Gabrielsson et al., 2016).
    • Iphinde ifake ama-mast cells,i-cannabinoid umamukeli thayipha i-2 (CB2) -njengama-cannabinoid receptors, iziteshi ze-potassium-sensitive ATP, iziteshi ezingaba khona ze-receptor (TRP), kanye ne-nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB).
    • Kungathinta ukusayina kwe-endocannabinoid ngokusebenza njenge-substrate encintisanayo ye-endocannabinoid homologue anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine).
  • Ukubonwa kokuqala kwakungo-1943 nguCoburn et al.njengengxenye yocwaningo lwe-epidemiological olugxile kumkhuhlane we-rheumatic fever ebuntwaneni, izehlakalo zawo ezaziphezulu kulezo zingane ezidla ukudla okunamaqanda amancane.
    • Laba baphenyi baphawule ukuthi ukwenzeka kwehlisiwe ezinganeni eziphakelwa impushana yeqanda, futhi kamuva babonisa izakhiwo zokulwa ne-anaphylactic ezingulubeni ze-Guinea ezine-lipid ekhishwe ku-yolk yeqanda.
  • Ngo-1957 u-Kuehl Jr. kanye nozakwabo babike ukuthi baphumelele ukuhlukanisa into elwa nokuvuvukala kubhontshisi wesoya.Bahlukanise inhlanganisela futhi engxenyeni ye-phospholipid yesikhupha seqanda kanye nokudla kwamantongomane akhishwe nge-hexane.
    • I-Hydrolysis ye-PEA ibangele i-palmitic acid ne-ethanolamine futhi ngaleyo ndlela i-compound yabonakala ngokuthiN-(2-hydroxyethyl)- palmitamide (Kepple Hesselink et al., 2013).

 

 

Ishadi Eligelezayo le-Semi-synthesize Palmitoylethanolamide

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I-Mass Spectra (ESI-MS: m/z 300(M+H+) kanye ne-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) ye-PEA

 

 

 

 

Isayensi Yokudla Nokudla Okunempilo DOI 10.1002/fsn3.392

Ukuphepha kwe-micronized palmitoylethanolamide (microPEA): ukuntuleka kobuthi namandla we-genotoxic

 

  • I-Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) iyi-amide yemvelo enamafutha atholakala ekudleni okuhlukahlukene, okwaqale kwabonakala ku-yolk yeqanda.
  • I-MicroPEA yosayizi wezinhlayiyana ochaziwe (0.5-10μm) yahlolelwa i-mutagenicity inI-Salmonella typhimurium,nge-clastogenicity/aneuploidy kuma-lymphocyte abantu akhulisiwe, kanye nobuthi begundane obunamandla nobungahlali isikhathi eside egundaneni, ngokulandela izimiso ezijwayelekile zokuhlola i-OECD, ngokuya nge-Good Laboratory Practice (GLP).
  • I-PEA ayizange yenze izinguquko ekuhlolweni kwebhaktheriya isebenzisa izinhlobo ze-TA1535, TA97a, TA98, TA100, ne-TA102, ngokusebenza noma ngaphandle kokusebenza kwe-metabolic, ekufakweni kwepuleti noma izindlela zokufakelwa uketshezi.Ngokufanayo, i-PEA ayizange yenze imiphumela ye-genotoxic kumaseli omuntu alashwe amahora angu-3 noma angu-24 ngaphandle kokwenziwa kusebenze kwe-metabolic, noma amahora angu-3 ngokusebenza kwe-metabolic.
  • I-PEA itholakale ine-LD50 enkulu kunomthamo olinganiselwe wama-2000 mg/kg wesisindo somzimba (bw), kusetshenziswa i-OECD Acute Oral Up and Down Procedure.Imithamo yocwaningo lwezinsuku ezingama-90 lobuthi bomlomo wamagundane yayisekelwe emiphumeleni yocwaningo lokuqala lwezinsuku eziyi-14, okungukuthi, 250, 500, kanye no-1000 mg/kg bw/ngosuku.
  • I-No Effect Level (NOEL) kuzo zombili izifundo ze-subchronic kwaba umthamo ophezulu kakhulu ohloliwe.

 

U-Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2016 Okthoba;82(4):932-42.

I-Palmitoylethanolamide yokwelapha ubuhlungu: i-pharmacokinetics, ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle

  • Izivivinyo zomtholampilo eziyishumi nesithupha, imibiko yamacala ayisithupha/izifundo zomshayeli kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-meta-ukuhlaziywa kwe-PEA njenge-analgesic kushicilelwe ezincwadini.
    • Ezikhathini zokwelashwa kufikela ezinsukwini ezingama-49, idatha yomtholampilo yamanje iphikisana nokusabela okubi kakhulu kwezidakamizwa (ADRs) esenzeka

 

  • Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okuthatha izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-60, inani leziguli alanele ukukhipha imvamisa yama-ADR angaphansi kuka-1/100.
  • Izivivinyo zomtholampilo eziyisithupha ezishicilelwe ezingahleliwe zingezekhwalithi eguquguqukayo.Ukwethulwa kwedatha ngaphandle kolwazi lokusatshalaliswa kwedatha nokungabikwa kwedatha ngezinye izikhathi ngaphandle kokulinganisa kokugcina bekuphakathi kwezinkinga ezikhonjiwe.
  • Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukho ukuqhathanisa kwekhanda kuya kwekhanda kokwelashwa kwe-PEA engenama-micronized vs. micronized, ngakho-ke ubufakazi bokuthi ukwakheka okukodwa ngaphezu kokunye abukho okwamanje.
  • Noma kunjalo, idatha yomtholampilo etholakalayo isekela impikiswano yokuthi i-PEA inezenzo zokudambisa izinhlungu futhi igqugquzela ucwaningo olwengeziwe lwalesi sakhiwo, ikakhulukazi maqondana nokuqhathaniswa kwekhanda kuya kwekhanda kwe-PEA engena-micronized vs. micronized formulations ye-PEA kanye nokuqhathaniswa nokwelashwa okunconyiwe okwamanje.

 

Ubufakazi bomtholampilo

  • OkukhethekileUkudla Ngezinjongo Zezokwelapha, kweUkwelashwaof Okungapheli Ubuhlungu
  • I-Micronized palmitoylethanolamide inciphisaizimpawuof ubuhlungu be-neuropathickushukela iziguli
  • Palmitoylethanolamide, a i-neutraceutical, in izinzwa ukucindezela syndromes: ukusebenza kahle futhi ukuphepha in ubuhlungu be-sciatic kanye nomhubhe we-carpal i-syndrome
  • Palmitoylethanolamide in I-Fibromyalgia: Imiphumela kusuka Abalindelekile futhi I-Retrospective Ukuqaphela Izifundo
  • I-palmitoylethanolamide ene-Ultra-micronized: esebenzayoi-adjuvant therapyokweIsifo sikaParkinson

isifo.

  • Okungapheli i-pelvic ubuhlungu, izinga of ukuphila futhi ucansi impilo of abesifazane ukwelashwa nge palmitoylethanolamide futhi i-alpha-lipoic acid
  • Okungahleliwe emtholampilo isivivinyo: i i-analgesic izakhiwo of okokudla isengezonge-palmitoylethanolamide ne-polydatin inithumbu elicasulayo i-syndrome.
  • I-Co-ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide/Luteolin in i Ukwelashwa of I-Cerebral Ischemia: kusuka Igundane to

Umuntu

  • Palmitoylethanolamide, a Okwemvelo I-retinoprotectant: Yakho I-Putive Ukuhambisana okwe i Ukwelashwaof I-Glaucomakanye nesifo sikashukela I-Retinopathy
  • N-palmitoylethanolamine futhi I-N-acetylethanolamine kukhona ngempumelelo in i-asteatotic i-eczema: imiphumela of ucwaningo olungahleliwe, olungaboni kabili, olulawulwayo ngo-60 iziguli

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Udokotela Wezinhlungu. 2016 Feb;19(2):11-24.

I-Palmitoylethanolamide, Ukudla Okukhethekile Kwezinjongo Zezokwelapha, Ekwelapheni Ubuhlungu Obungapheli: Ukuhlaziywa Kwedatha Ehlanganisiwe.

 

  • IMVELAPHI: Ubufakazi obukhulayo bubonisa ukuthi i-neuroinflammation, ebonakala ngokungena kwamangqamuzana omzimba omzimba, ukusebenza kwamangqamuzana e-mast namangqamuzana e-glial, nokukhiqizwa kwabalamuli abavuvukalayo ezinhlelweni ze-peripheral kanye ne-central nervous, kunendima ebalulekile ekungenisweni nasekugcinweni kwezifo ezingapheli. ubuhlungu.Lokhu okutholakele kusekela umbono wokuthi amathuba amasha okwelapha obuhlungu obungapheli angase asekelwe kubalamuleli abalwa nokuvuvukala nabaxazululayo abasebenza kumaseli omzimba, ikakhulukazi ama-mast cells kanye ne-glia, ukuze kuncishiswe noma kuqedwe i-neuroinflammation.

Phakathi kwama-anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators, i-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) kubikwe ukuthi yehlisa ukusebenza kwe-mast cell kanye nokulawula ukuziphatha kwe-glial cell.

  • INHLOSO:Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukwenza ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta ehlanganisiwe ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwe-micronized kanye ne-ultra-micronizedpalmitoylethanolamide (PEA) ngokuqina kobuhlungu ezigulini ezihlushwa ubuhlungu obungapheli kanye / noma be-neuropathic.
  • FUNDAIQINISO:Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha ehlanganisiwe okuhlanganisa izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezingaboni kabili, ezilawulwayo, nezinelebula evulekile.
  • IZINDLELA:Izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezingaboni kabili, ezilawulwayo, nezinelebula evulekile zikhethiwe ngokubonisana nesizindalwazi se-PubMed, Google Scholar, ne-Cochrane, kanye nezinqubo zemihlangano ye-neuroscience.Amagama athi ubuhlungu obungapheli, ubuhlungu be-neuropathic, kanye ne-PEA ye-micronized kanye ne-ultra-micronized yasetshenziselwa ukusesha.Indlela yokukhetha yayihlanganisa ukutholakala kwedatha eluhlaza kanye nokuqhathaniswa phakathi kwamathuluzi asetshenziselwa ukuxilonga nokuhlola ukuqina kobuhlungu.Idatha eluhlaza etholwe ababhali yahlanganiswa kusizindalwazi esisodwa futhi yahlaziywa Imodeli Ehlanganisiwe Yomugqa Ojwayelekile.Izinguquko ebuhlungu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zikalwa ngamathuluzi afanayo, nazo zahlolwa ngokuhlaziywa komugqa we-post-hoc kanye nokulinganisa kwe-Kaplan-Meier.Izifundo eziyishumi nambili zifakwe ekuhlaziyweni okuhlanganisiwe kwe-meta, ezi-3 zazo okwakuyizilingo eziyimpumputhe kabili eziqhathaniswa neziqhathanisi ezisebenzayo ne-placebo, i-2 yayiyizilingo ezinelebula evulekile vs izindlela zokwelapha ezijwayelekile, futhi i-7 yayiyizilingo zamalebula avulekile ngaphandle kokuqhathanisa.
  • IMIPHUMELA:Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi i-PEA yenza ukunciphisa okuqhubekayo kokuqina kobuhlungu okuphakeme kakhulu kunokulawula.Ubukhulu bokunciphisa bulingana

1.04 amaphuzu njalo emavikini angu-2 ngokuhlukahluka kwempendulo engu-35% okuchazwe imodeli yomugqa.Ngokuphambene nalokho, ebuhlungwini beqembu lokulawula, umfutho wokunciphisa ulingana namaphuzu we-0.20 njalo emavikini e-2 nge-1% kuphela yokuhluka okuphelele okuchazwe ukuhlehliswa.Ukulinganisa kwe-Kaplan-Meier kubonise amaphuzu obuhlungu = i-3 ku-81% yeziguli eziphathwe yi-PEA uma kuqhathaniswa ne-40.9% kuphela ekulawuleni iziguli ngosuku lwe-60 yokwelashwa.Imiphumela ye-PEA yayizimele ngeminyaka yesiguli noma ubulili, futhi ayihlobene nohlobo lobuhlungu obungapheli.

  • IMIKHAWULO:Okuphawulekayo, izehlakalo ezimbi ezimbi ezihlobene ne-PEA azibhaliswanga futhi/noma zibikwe kunoma yiziphi izifundo.
  • ISIPHETHO:Le miphumela iqinisekisa ukuthi i-PEA ingase imele isu elijabulisayo, elisha lokwelapha lokuphatha ubuhlungu obungapheli kanye ne-neuropathic

ehambisana ne-neuroinflammation.

 

Ukwelapha Izinhlungu. 2014;2014:849623.

I-Micronized palmitoylethanolamide inciphisa izimpawu zobuhlungu be-neuropathic ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela.

  • Ucwaningo lwamanje luhlole ukusebenza kahle kwe

i-micronized palmitoylethanolamide (PEA-m) yokwelashwa ekunciphiseni izimpawu ezibuhlungu ezitholwa iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ezine-peripheral neuropathy.

  • I-PEA-m yanikezwa (300 mg kabili ngosuku) ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela ezingama-30

uhlushwa yi-diabetesic neuropathy ebuhlungu.

  • Ngaphambi kokuqala kokwelashwa, ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-30 nezingu-60 kwahlolwa imingcele elandelayo: izimpawu ezibuhlungu ze-diabetic peripheral neuropathy usebenzisa i-Michigan Neuropathy Screening instrument;ukushuba kwezimpawu eziwuphawu lobuhlungu be-neuropathic yesifo sikashukela nge-Total Symptom Score;kanye nokuqina kwezigaba ezihlukene zobuhlungu be-neuropathic yi-Neuropathic Pain Symptoms Inventory.Ukuhlolwa kwe-hematological kanye ne-chemistry yegazi ukuze kuhlolwe ukulawulwa nokuphepha kwe-metabolic nakho kwenziwa.
  • Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo (ANOVA) kubonise ukunciphisa okuphawulekayo kobunzima bobuhlungu (P <0.0001) nezimpawu ezihlobene (P <0.0001) ezihlolwe yi-Michigan Neuropathy Screening instrument, I-Total Symptom Score, kanye ne-Neuropathic Pain Symptoms Inventory.
  • Ukuhlaziywa kwe-hematological kanye nomchamo akuzange kuveze noma yiziphi izinguquko ezihlobene nokwelashwa kwe-PEA-m, futhi azikho izehlakalo ezimbi ezimbi ezibikiwe.
  • Le miphumela iphakamisa ukuthi i-PEA-m ingase ibhekwe njengokwelashwa okusha okuthembisayo nokubekezelelwa kahle kwe-symptomatology etholwa iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela esiphethwe yi-peripheral neuropathy.

 

J Pain Res. 2015 Okthoba 23;8:729-34.

I-Palmitoylethanolamide, i-neutraceutical, ku-nerve compression syndromes: ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha ebuhlungu be-sciatic kanye ne-carpal tunnel syndrome.

 

 

 

  • Lapha sichaza imiphumela yazo zonke izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezihlola ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwe-PEA kuma-syndromes okucindezela izinzwa: ubuhlungu be-sciatic nobuhlungu ngenxa ye-carpal tunnel syndrome, futhi ubuyekeze ubufakazi bangaphambi komtholampilo kumamodeli we-nerve impingement.
    • Sekukonke, izivivinyo eziyisishiyagalombili zomtholampilo zishicilelwe kuma-syndromes anjalo, futhi iziguli eziyi-1,366 zifakiwe kulezi zivivinyo.
    • Esivivinyweni esisodwa esibalulekile, esiyimpumputhe esiphindwe kabili, esilawulwa yi-placebo ezigulini ezibuhlungu ze-sciatic ze-636, inombolo edingekayo yokwelapha ukuze ifinyelele ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu be-50% uma kuqhathaniswa nesisekelo kwakuyi-1.5 ngemva kwamasonto e-3 yokwelashwa.
    • I-PEA ibonakale isebenza kahle futhi iphephile kuma-syndromes okucindezela izinzwa, akukho ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa noma imiphumela emibi enzima eye yachazwa.
    • I-PEA kufanele ibhekwe njengendlela yokwelapha entsha nephephile ye-nerve compression syndromes.
      • Njengoba i-co-analgesic pregabaline evame ukushiwo ifakazelwe

ukungasebenzi kahle ebuhlungu be-sciatic esivivinyweni sokucebisa esingaboni kahle kabili.

  • Odokotela abaqapheli ngaso sonke isikhathi i-PEA njengendlela efanele futhi ephephile yama-opioid nama-co-analgesics ekwelapheni ubuhlungu be-neuropathic.

 

 

I-NNT ye-PEA ifinyelele ku-50%

ukunciphisa ubuhlungu

 

I-PEA, i-palmitoylethanolamide;I-VAS, isikali se-analog esibonakalayo;I-NNT, inombolo edingekayo ukwelapha

 

Ubuhlungu Ther. 2015 Dec;4(2):169-78.

I-Palmitoylethanolamide ku-Fibromyalgia: Imiphumela evela ku-Prospective and Retrospective Observational Studies.

 

 

(i-duloxetine + pregabalin)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ukwehliswa kwenani lamaphuzu amathenda avumayo

 

 

 

Ukunciphisa ukuqina kobuhlungu ngesilinganiso se-VAS.

 

I-CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2017 Mar 21.

I-palmitoylethanolamide ene-micronized: i-adjuvant therapy esebenzayo yesifo sika-Parkinson.

IMVELAPHI:Isifo sikaParkinson (PD) siyisihloko semizamo ejulile yokuthuthukisa amasu anciphisa noma amise ukuqhubeka kwesifo nokukhubazeka.Ubufakazi obuningi bukhomba indima ebalulekile ye-neuroinflammation ekufeni kweseli ye-dopaminergic engaphansi.I-Ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide (um-PEA) yaziwa kakhulu ngekhono layo lokukhuthaza ukuxazululwa kwe-neuroinflammation kanye nokusebenzisa i-neuroprotection.Lolu cwaningo lwenzelwe ukuhlola ukusebenza kahle kwe-um-PEA njengokwelashwa kwe-adjuvant ezigulini ezine-PD ethuthukisiwe.

IZINDLELA:Iziguli ezingamashumi amathathu zePD ezithola i-levodopa zifakiwe ocwaningweni.Uhlu lwemibuzo olubuyekeziwe- lwe-Movement Disorder Society/Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) lwasetshenziswa ukuze kuhlolwe izimpawu zezimoto nezingezona izimoto.Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kwenziwa ngaphambi nangemva kokwengezwa kwe-um-PEA (600 mg).Ingqikithi yohlu lwemibuzo ye-MDS-UPDRS yezingxenye I, II, III, kanye ne-IV yahlaziywa kusetshenziswa i-Generalized Linear Mixed Model, elandelwa isivivinyo sezinga elisayiniwe le-Wilcoxon ukuze kuhlolwe umehluko wesilinganiso samaphuzu ento ngayinye phakathi kwesisekelo nesiphetho se-um-PEA. ukwelashwa.

IMIPHUMELA:Ukwengezwa kwe-um-PEA ezigulini ze-PD ezithola ukwelashwa kwe-levodopa kwenze ukuncipha okuphawulekayo nokuqhubekayo kwenani eliphelele lesikolo se-MDS-UPRSS (izingxenye I, II, III kanye ne-IV).Entweni ngayinye, umehluko wamaphuzu amaphakathi phakathi kwesisekelo kanye nokuphela kokwelashwa kwe-um-PEA kubonise ukuncipha okukhulu kwezimpawu eziningi ezingezona izimoto nezemoto.Inombolo yeziguli ezinezimpawu ku-basal yehliswa ngemva konyaka owodwa wokwelashwa kwe-um-PEA.Akekho noyedwa kubahlanganyeli obike imiphumela engemihle edalwe ukwengezwa kwe-um-PEA.

ISIPHETHO:Um-PEA wehlise ijubane ukuqhubeka kwesifo nokukhubazeka ezigulini ze-PD, okuphakamisa ukuthi i-um-PEA ingase ibe yindlela yokwelapha ye-adjuvant esebenzayo ye-PD.

 

UMinerva Ginecol. 2015 Okthoba;67(5):413-9.

Ubuhlungu obungapheli be-pelvic, ikhwalithi yokuphila kanye nempilo yezocansi yabesifazane abaphathwa nge-palmitoylethanolamide ne-α-lipoic acid.

  • Inhloso yaleli phepha bekuwukuhlola imiphumela kasoseshini

phakathi kwe-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) ne-α-lipoic acid (LA) ngekhwalithi yokuphila (QoL) kanye nomsebenzi wocansi kwabesifazane abathintekayo ubuhlungu be-pelvic obuhlobene ne-endometriosis.

  • Abesifazane abangamashumi amahlanu nesithupha bakha iqembu locwaningo futhi banikezwa i-PEA 300 mg kanye ne-LA 300mg kabili ngosuku.
  • Ukuchaza ubuhlungu be-pelvic obuhlobene ne-endometriosis, i-visual analogic scale (VAS) yasetshenziswa.I-Short Form-36 (SF-36), i-Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) kanye ne-Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS) yasetshenziselwa ukuhlola i-QoL, umsebenzi wezocansi kanye nokucindezeleka ngokocansi, ngokulandelana.Ucwaningo lwaluhlanganisa ukulandelwa okuthathu ku-3, 6 kanye nezinyanga ze-9.
  • Azikho izinguquko ezibonwe ebuhlungu, i-QoL kanye nomsebenzi wezocansi ekulandeleni kwenyanga ye-3rd (P = NS).Ngenyanga ye-6 ne-9, izimpawu zobuhlungu (P <0.001) nazo zonke izigaba ze-QoL (P <0.001) zithuthukisiwe.Amaphuzu e-FSFI nawe-FSDS awazange ashintshe ekulandeleni kwenyanga yesi-3 (P=ns).Ngokuphambene nalokho, ekulandeleni kwezinyanga ze-3 kanye ne-9 bathuthukile ngokuphathelene nesisekelo (P <0.001).
  • Ukwehliswa okuqhubekayo kwe-pain syndrome ebikwe abesifazane ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni i-QoL nempilo yocansi yabesifazane ku-PEA ne-LA.

 

I-Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2017 Mar 31;89(1):17-21.

Ukusebenza kwenhlangano ye-palmitoylethanolamide kanye ne-alpha-lipoic acid ezigulini ezine-prostatitis engapheli / isifo sobuhlungu obungapheli be-pelvic: Isivivinyo somtholampilo esingahleliwe.

  • IMVELAPHI:I-prostatitis engapheli/i-pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) yisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi, esibonakala nge-etiology engaqinisekile kanye nokusabela okulinganiselwe ekwelapheni.Incazelo ye-CP/CPPS ihlanganisa ubuhlungu be-genitourinary noma ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezivalayo lapho kungekho amagciwane e-uropathogenic, njengoba kutholwe izindlela ezijwayelekile ze-microbiological, noma esinye isizathu esihlonzayo esinjengobubi.Ukusebenza kwezindlela zokwelapha ezihlukahlukene, kuye kwahlolwa ezifundweni zomtholampilo, kodwa ubufakazi buyantuleka noma buyangqubuzana.Siqhathanise i-Serenoa Repens ku-monotherapy ngokumelene ne-Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) ngokuhlanganiswa ne-Alpha- lipoic acid (ALA) futhi sahlola ukusebenza kwalokhu kwelashwa ezigulini ezine-CP/CPPS.
  • IZINDLELA:Senze uhlolo olungahleliwe, olungaboni lutho.Iziguli ezingama-44 ezitholwe zine-CP/CPPS (iminyaka yobudala emaphakathi

I-41.32 ± 1.686 iminyaka) inikezwe ngokungahleliwe ukwelashwa nge-Palmitoylethanolamide 300 mg kanye ne-Alpha- lipoic acid 300 mg (Peanase®), noma i-Serenoa Repens ku-320 mg.Amaphepha emibuzo amathathu (NIH-CPSI, IPSS kanye ne-IEF5) alawulwa ekuqaleni nangemva kwamaviki e-12 okwelashwa eqenjini ngalinye.

  • IMIPHUMELA:Ukwelashwa kwamaviki angu-12 nge-Peanase kuthuthukise kakhulu isikolo se-IPSS uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo sokwelashwa nge-Serenoa Repens, futhi kwanciphisa kakhulu isikolo se-NIH-CPSI.Imiphumela efanayo yabonwa ekwahlukaneni kwe-NIH-CPSI subscores.Nokho, ukuphathwa okufanayo akuzange kuphumele ekuthuthukisweni okuphawulekayo kwesikolo se-IEF5.Kokubili ukwelashwa akuzange kuveze imiphumela engathandeki.
  • IZIPHETHO: Imiphumela yamanje ibhala ukusebenza kahle kwenhlangano yePalmitoylethanolamide (PEA) ne-Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) enikezwe amasonto ayi-12 ukwelapha iziguli nge-CP/CPPS, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Serenoa Repens monotherapy.

 

I-Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Feb 6.

Isilingo somtholampilo esingahleliwe: izakhiwo ze-analgesic zeokokudla isengezo

nge-palmitoylethanolamide kanye ne-polydatin ku-bowel syndrome ecasulayo.

 

  • IMVELAPHI:Ukusebenza kwamathumbu omzimba kuhileleke ku-irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) pathophysiology.Nakuba izindlela eziningi zokudla ku-IBS zihilela ukugwema ukudla, kunezinkomba ezimbalwa zokwengezwa kokudla.I-Palmithoylethanolamide, ehlobene nesakhiwo se-endocannabinoid anandamide, kanye ne-polydatin yizinhlanganisela zokudla ezisebenza ngokubambisana ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-mast cell.
  • INHLOSO:Ukuhlola umphumela wokubala kwe-mast cell kanye nokusebenza kwe-palmithoylethanolamide/polydatin ezigulini ezine-IBS.
  • IZINDLELA:Senze umshayeli, isonto le-12, okungahleliwe, okungaboni kabili, okulawulwa yi-placebo, isifundo se-multicentre esihlola umphumela we-palmithoylethanolamide/polydatin 200 mg/20 mg noma i-placebo bd ekusebenzeni kwe-immune grade ephansi, uhlelo lwe-endocannabinoid kanye nezimpawu ezigulini ze-IBS. .Amasampula e-Biopsy, atholwe ekuvakasheni kokuhlolwa futhi ekupheleni kocwaningo, ahlaziywa nge-immunohistochemistry, i-enzyme-linked immunoassay, i-chromatography ewuketshezi kanye ne-Western blot.
  • IMIPHUMELA:Ingqikithi yeziguli ezingama-54 ezine-IBS kanye nezilawuli ezinempilo eziyi-12 zabhaliswa ezikhungweni ezinhlanu zaseYurophu.Uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli, iziguli ze-IBS zibonise izibalo eziphezulu ze-mucosal mast cell (3.2 ± 1.3 vs. 5.3 ± 2.7%,

P = 0.013), i-fatty acid encishisiwe i-amide oleoylethanolamide (12.7 ± 9.8 vs. 45.8 ± 55.6 pmol / mg, P = 0.002) kanye nokukhula kwe-cannabinoid receptor 2 (0.7 ± 0.1 vs. 1.0 ± 0.8, P = 0.8, P).Ukwelashwa akuzange kuguqule ngokuphawulekayo iphrofayili yebhayoloji ye-IBS, okuhlanganisa nokubalwa kwamaseli amakhulu.Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-placebo, i-palmithoylethanolamide/polydatin ithuthukise ngokuphawulekayo ukuqina kobuhlungu besisu (P <0.05).

  • IZIPHETHO:Umphumela ophawulekayo we-supplementary supplement palmithoylethanolamide/polydatin ebuhlungu besisu ezigulini ezine-IBS uphakamisa ukuthi lokhu kuyindlela engokwemvelo ethembisayo yokuphatha ubuhlungu kulesi simo.Ucwaningo olwengeziwe manje luyadingeka ukuze kucaciswe indlela yokusebenza kwe-palmithoylethanolamide/polydatin ku-IBS.Inombolo ye-ClinicalTrials.gov,I-NCT01370720.

 

I-Transl Stroke Res. 2016 Feb;7(1):54-69.

I-Co-ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide/Luteolin ekwelapheni i-Cerebral Ischemia: ukusuka ku-Rodent kuya kuMuntu.

 

 

 

Iziguli zanikezwa i-Glialia® isikhathi esiyizinsuku ezingama-60.

Amanani e-Barthel Index ayengu-26.6 ± 1.69, 48.3 ± 1.91, kanye no-60.5 ± 1.95 ku-T0 (242

iziguli), i-T30 (iziguli ezingama-229), kanye ne-T60 (218

iziguli), ngokulandelana.

Kube nomehluko omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni phakathi kwe-T0 ne-T30 (***p< 0.0001) naphakathi kwe-T0 ne-T60 (###p<0.0001).Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-T30 ne-T60 (p<0.0001).

Iziguli zesifazane zibonise amaphuzu aphansi kunabesilisa, futhi ukukhubazeka kwakubi kakhulu ezigulini ezilaliswayo

 

Izidakamizwa Des Devel Ther. 2016 Sep 27;10:3133-3141.

Ama-Resolvins nama-aliamide: i-lipid autacoid ku-ophthalmology - isiphi isithembiso abanaso?

  • Ama-Resolvins (ama-Rvs) ayiklasi lamanoveliama-molecule e-endogenous asuselwa ku-lipid(ama-autacoids) anezici ezinamandla zokuvikela umzimba, ezilawula isigaba sokuxazulula sempendulo esebenzayo yokuzivikela komzimba.
    • Lezi zici ezishintshayo zikhiqizwa endaweni, ezinomthelela ekusebenzeni kwamaseli kanye/noma izicubu, ezikhiqizwa ngokufunwa futhi kamuva zenziwa imetabolism kumaseli afanayo kanye/noma izicubu.
    • I-Autacoid pharmacology, eyasungulwa ngeminyaka yawo-1970s, izidakamizwa ze-autacoid zingamakhemikhali angowomzimba ngokwazo noma izandulela noma ezinye izinto eziphuma kuzo, okungcono kakhulu ezisekelwe kumakhemikhali alula, njenge-5- hydroxytryptophan, isandulela se-serotonin.
    • Umsebenzi oyinhloko wama-autocoid akula makilasi ukuvimbela i-hyperactivated immune cascades futhi ngaleyo ndlela enze njengesignali "yokumisa" ezinqubweni zokuvuvukala ngaphandle kwalokho kube yi-pathological.
      • Ku-1993, u-Rita Levi-Montalcini owathola umklomelo kaNobel (1909-2012) waqamba igama elithi "aliamides" lamakhemikhali anjalo, ngenkathi esebenza endimeni yokuvimbela kanye ne-modulating ye-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) kumaseli e-mast asebenzayo.
      • Umqondo wama-aliamide uthathwe ku-acronymI-ALIA: ukuvuvukala kwendawo ye-autacoid umphikisi.
      • Leli gama lithole indlela yalo emkhakheni weN-i-acetylethanolamides autacoids, njenge-PEA, nakuba "i-aliamide" yachazwa nguLevi-Montalcini njengomqondo wesitsha sabo bonke abaxhumanisi be-lipid-inhibiting kanye -modulating.Lokho kuzobandakanya nama-Rvs, ama-protein, nama-maresin.
      • Ama-Rv ama-metabolites e-polyunsaturated ω-3 fatty acids: i-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), i-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), ne-docosapentaenoic acid (DPA).
        • Ama-metabolites e-EPA abizwa ngama-E Rvs (RvEs), lawo e-DHA abizwa ngama-D Rvs (RvDs), kanti lawo e-DPA abizwa ngama-Rvs D.

(RvDsn-3DPA) kanye ne-Rvs T (RvTs).

  • Ama-protectin nama-maresins atholakala ku-ω-3 fatty acid DHA.

 

I-Ophthalmol. 2015;2015:430596.

I-Palmitoylethanolamide, i-Retinoprotectant Yemvelo: Ukufaneleka Kwayo Kokwelapha I-Glaucoma kanye Ne-Diabetic Retinopathy.

 

 

I-retinopathy iyingozi emehlweni, futhi i-glaucoma nesifo sikashukela yizona zimbangela eziyinhloko zokulimala kwamangqamuzana e-retina.Ukuqonda kwakamuva kubonise indlela evamile ye-pathogenetic yazo zombili iziyaluyalu, ngokusekelwe ekuvuvukeni okungapheli.

I-PEA iye yahlolelwa i-glaucoma, i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela, kanye ne-uveitis, izimo ze-pathological ezisekelwe ekuvuvukeni okungapheli, ukuphazamiseka kokuphefumula, kanye nezifo ezihlukahlukene zobuhlungu ezivivinyweni eziningi zomtholampilo kusukela ngeminyaka yama-70s yekhulu lama-20.

I-PEA ihlolwe okungenani ezifundweni ezilawulwa yi-placebo eziyizimpumputhe eziyi-9, phakathi kwazo izifundo ezimbili ezaziku-glaucoma, futhi zatholakala ziphephile futhi zisebenza ngempumelelo kuze kufike ku-1.8 g/ngosuku, nokubekezeleleka okuhle kakhulu.Ngakho-ke i-PEA inesithembiso ekwelapheni inani le-retinopathies.

I-PEA iyatholakala njengesengezo sokudla (i-PeaPure) nanjengokudla okudlayo ngezinjongo zezokwelapha e-Italy (Normast, PeaVera, kanye neVisimast).

Le mikhiqizo yaziswa e-Italy ngokusekelwa komsoco ku-glaucoma kanye ne-neuroinflammation.Sixoxa nge-PEA njengenhlanganisela elwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-retinoprotectant ekwelapheni i-retinopathies, ikakhulukazi ehlobene ne-glaucoma nesifo sikashukela.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Okuhlosiwe kwamangqamuzana ahlukene e-PEA.I-PPAR: isamukeli esicushiwe se-peroxisome proliferator;I-GPR-55: I-119-intandane ye-G-protein ehambisana nama-receptors;I-CCL: i-chemokine ligand;I-COX: i-cyclooxygenase;i-iNOS: i-inducible nitric oxide synthase;I-TRPV: i-receptor yesikhashana engaba khona yesiteshi somndeni omncane V;IL: i-interleukin;I-Kv1.5,4.3: iziteshi ze-potassium voltage gated;I-Toll-4 R: i-toll-like receptor.

 

Clin Interv Ukuguga. 2014 Jul 17; 9:1163-9.

I-N-palmitoylethanolamine ne-N-acetylethanolamine zisebenza kahle ku-asteatotic eczema: imiphumela yocwaningo olungahleliwe, oluyimpumputhe oluphindwe kabili, olulawulwayo ezigulini ze-60.

 

 

 

 

  • IMVELAPHI:I-asteatotic eczema (AE) ibonakala ngokuba nesikhumba esilumayo, esomile, esimahhadlahhadla, futhi esinamaxolo.Ukwelashwa kwe-AE ikakhulukazi ama-emollients, ngokuvamile aqukethe i-urea, i-lactic acid, noma usawoti we-lactate.I-N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) kanye ne-N- acetylethanolamine (AEA) womabili ama-lipids angapheli asetshenziswa njengamathuluzi anoveli okwelapha ekwelapheni izifo eziningi zesikhumba.Inhloso yalolu cwaningo bekuwukuqhathanisa i-PEA/AEA emollient ne-emollient yendabuko ekwelapheni i-AE.
  • IZINDLELA:Ukuhlolwa kwe-monocentric, okungahleliwe, okuyizimpumputhe okuphindwe kabili, okuqhathanisayo kwenziwa ezigulini ze-60 AE ukuze kuhlolwe futhi kuqhathaniswe ukusebenza kahle kwama-emollients amabili.Izinga lokomisa kwesikhumba phakathi kwezifundo lalisukela kokumaphakathi kuya kokumaphakathi.Umsebenzi wokuvimbela isikhumba wesifundo kanye nomkhawulo wamanje wokubona kuhlolwe izinsuku ezingu-28 ngokuthola amaphuzu omtholampilo kanye nobuchwepheshe be-bioengineering.
  • IMIPHUMELA:Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi, nakuba ezinye izici zithuthukisiwe kuwo womabili amaqembu, iqembu elisebenzisa i-emollient equkethe i-PEA/AEA lethule ushintsho olungcono lwesikhumba kukhono.Kodwa-ke, okutholwe okuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu kwakuyikhono le-PEA/AEA emollient lokukhulisa umkhawulo wokubona wamanje ongu-5 Hz ukuya ezingeni elivamile ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-7, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamanani ekuqaleni nangemva kwezinsuku eziyi-14.Umkhawulo wamanje wombono we-5 Hz ubuhlotshaniswa kahle futhi ngokuphawulekayo nokugeleza kwamanzi esikhumbeni futhi uhlotshaniswa kabi nokulahlekelwa kwamanzi e-transepidermal eqenjini le-PEA/AEA emollient.
  • ISIPHETHO: Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-emollients omdabu, ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwe-PEA/AEA emollient ye-topical kungathuthukisa kokubili ukusebenza kwesikhumba esingenzi lutho nesisebenzayo ngesikhathi esisodwa.

 

 

Izinguquko ku-hydration ebusweni besikhumba ezinsukwini ezingama-28

 

 

 

Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-emollient yendabuko, i-PEA/AEA emollient ingalawula ngesikhathi esisodwa kokubili imisebenzi yesikhumba "engasebenziyo" kanye "esebenzayo", okuhlanganisa ukuvuselelwa kwesikhumba nokubuyiselwa kwe-lipid lamellae, ukuzwa kwesikhumba, nekhono lokuzivikela komzimba.

 

 

Isebenza kanjani i-PEA

  • Indlela(i)ndlela yokwenza yeI-PEA ibandakanyaimiphumela yawo kuzikhali zenuziumamukeliPPARα(UGabrielsson et al., 2016).
  • Kubandakanya namaseli e-mast, i-cannabinoidumamukeliuhlobo 2 (CB2)-njengei-cannabinoidama-receptors,I-ATP-iziteshi ezibucayi ze-potassium, ziyadlulaumamukeliiziteshi ezingaba khona (TRP), kanye ne-nuclearisicikapha B (i-NFkB).
  • Ingakwazithintaukusayina kwe-endocannabinoid ngokwenza njengokuncintisanai-substrate yei-endocannabinoid homologue anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine).
  • I-Gut-brain axis: Indima ye-lipids ku ukulawulwa kokuvuvukala, ubuhlungu kanye ne-CNS izifo.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Curr Med Chem. 2017 Feb

16.

I-Gut-brain axis: Indima ye-lipids ekulawuleni ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu kanye nezifo ze-CNS.

 

 

 

 

 

 

  • Amathumbu omuntu ayindawo eyinhlanganisela ye-anaerobic ene-enteric microbiota enkulu, ehlukahlukene futhi eguquguqukayo, emelelwa ama-microorganisms angaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-100, okuhlanganisa okungenani izinhlobo eziyi-1000 ezihlukene.
  • Ukutholakala kokuthi ukwakheka kwe-microbial ehlukile kungaba nomthelela ekuziphatheni nasekuqondeni, futhi isimiso sezinzwa singathonya ngokungaqondile ukwakheka kwe-enteric microbiota, kube negalelo elikhulu ekusunguleni umqondo owamukelwe kahle we-axis yobuchopho be-gut.

 

  • Le nkolelo-mbono isekelwa ubufakazi obuningi obubonisa izindlela zokusebenzisana, ezibandakanya imizwa engacacile, amasosha omzimba, i-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis modulation kanye ne-bacteria-derived

ama-metabolites.

 

  • Ucwaningo oluningi lugxile ekuchazeni indima yalo mkhakha empilweni nasezifo, kusukela ezinkingeni ezihlobene nokucindezeleka ezifana nokudangala, ukukhathazeka kanye nesifo samathumbu esicasulayo (IBS) kuya ezinkingeni ze-neurodevelopmental, njenge-autism, kanye nezifo ze-neurodeergenerative, njenge-Parkinson. Izifo, Isifo i-Alzheimer njll.

 

  • Ngokusekelwe kulesi sizinda, futhi kucatshangelwa ukubaluleka kokuguqulwa kwesimo se-symbiotic phakathi komsingathi kanye ne-microbiota, lokhu kubuyekezwa kugxile endimeni kanye nokubandakanyeka kwe-lipids ye-bioactive, njengomndeni we-N- acylethanolamine (NAE) amalungu awo ayinhloko i-N-arachidonoylethanolamine. (AEA), i-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) kanye ne-oleoilethanolamide (OEA), kanye nama-acid chain chain fatty (SCFAs), njenge-butyrate, eyingxenye yeqembu elikhulu lama-lipids e-bioactive akwazi ukulinganisa izinqubo ze-peripheral kanye ne-central pathologic.

 

  • Isungulwe kahle indima yabo ephumelelayo ekuvuvukeni, ubuhlungu obukhulu futhi obungapheli, ukukhuluphala kanye nezifo zesistimu yezinzwa ezimaphakathi.Kuye kwaboniswa ukuhlobana okungenzeka phakathi kwalezi lipids kanye ne-gut microbiota ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene.Ngempela, ukuphathwa okuhlelekile kwamabhaktheriya athile kunganciphisa ubuhlungu besisu ngokubandakanyeka kwe-cannabinoid receptor 1 ku-rat;ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-PEA inciphisa izimpawu zokuvuvukala kumodeli we-murine we-inflammation bowel disease (IBD), futhi i-butyrate, ekhiqizwa yi-gut microbiota, iphumelela ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu ku-irritable bowel syndrome kanye nezinhlobo zezilwane ze-IBD.

 

  • Kulesi sibuyekezo, sigcizelela ubuhlobo phakathi kokuvuvukala, ubuhlungu, i-microbiota kanye ne-lipids ehlukene, sigxile ekubandakanyekeni okungenzeka kwe-NAEs nama-SCFAs ku-axis yobuchopho be-gut-brain kanye nendima yabo ezifweni zesistimu yezinzwa ezimaphakathi.

 

Imiphumela ye-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) ku-Akt/mTOR/p70S6K axis activation kanye nenkulumo ye-HIF-1α ku-DSS-induced colitis kanye ne-ulcerative colitis.

 

 

 

I-PLoS One.2016;11(5): e0156198.

 

 

 

I-Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) ivimbela i-angiogenesis ehambisana ne-colitis kumagundane.(A) I-DSS-induced colitis ibangele ukwanda okuphawulekayo kokuqukethwe kwe-Hb ku-colonic mucosa, i-PEA iyakwazi ukunciphisa, ngendlela encike kumthamo, okuqukethwe kwe-Hb kumagundane e-colitis;lo mphumela uphikelele ebukhoneni bomphikisi we-PPARγ (GW9662) ngenkathi uchithwa ngumphikisi we-PPARα (MK866).(B) Izithombe ze-Immunohistochemical ezibonisa ukuvezwa kwe-CD31 ku-mucosa yamagundane ekholoni (iphaneli 1), i-DSS-treated mucosa yamagundane (iphaneli 2), i-DSS-treated mucosa yamagundane ekholoni phambi kwe-PEA (10 mg/Kg) yodwa (iphaneli 3), i-PEA (10 mg/Kg) kanye ne-MK866 10 mg/Kg (iphaneli 4), kanye ne-PEA (10 mg/Kg) kanye ne-GW9662 1 mg/Kg (iphaneli 5).Ukukhulisa 20X;ibha yesikali: 100μm.Igrafu ifingqa ukulinganisa okuhlobene kwenkulumo ye-CD31 (%) ku-mucosa yekholoni yamagundane kumaqembu wokuhlola afanayo, okubonisa ukuncipha kwenkulumo ye-CD31 kumagundane e-colitic ngemva kokuphathwa kwe-PEA, ngaphandle kweqembu eliphinde liphathwe nomphikisi we-PPARα.

(C) Ukukhishwa kwe-VEGF kubangele ukwanda kwamagundane alashwe nge-DSS futhi kwancishiswa kakhulu ukwelashwa kwe-PEA ngendlela encike kwi-PPARα.(D) Ukuhlaziywa kwebala laseNtshonalanga kanye

ukuhlaziya okuhlobene kwe-densitometric (amayunithi angenasizathu ajwayelekile ekukhulumeni kweprotheyini yokugcina indlu i-β-actin) yesisho se-VEGF-receptor (VEGF-R), okubonisa imiphumela efanayo ekukhishweni kwe-VEGF.Imiphumela ichazwa njenge-mearch±SD.*p<0.05, **p<0.01 kanye ne-***p<0.001 uma kuqhathaniswa namagundane alashwe nge-DSS

I-PLoS One.2016;11(5): e0156198.

 

Sci Rep. 2017 Mar 23;7(1):375.

I-Palmitoylethanolamide yenza izinguquko ze-microglia ezihlotshaniswa nokunyuka kokufuduka kanye nomsebenzi we-phagocytic: ukubandakanyeka kwe-CB2 receptor.

 

  • I-endogenous fatty acid amide palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) ikhonjiswe ukuthi yenza izenzo zokulwa nokuvuvukala ikakhulukazi ngokuvimbela ukukhululwa kwama-molecule ane-pro-inflammatory kusuka kuma-mast cells, monocytes kanye nama-macrophages.Ukusebenza okungaqondile kohlelo lwe-endocannabinoid (eCB) kuphakathi kwezindlela ezimbalwa zokwenza eziphakanyiswe ukuthi zibe ngaphansi kwemiphumela ehlukene ye-PEA ku-vivo.
  • Kulolu cwaningo, sisebenzise i-rat microglia ekhulisiwe kanye nama-macrophage abantu ukuze sihlole ukuthi i-PEA iyakuthinta yini ukusayina kwe-eCB.
  • I-PEA itholwe yenyusa i-CB2 mRNA kanye nokubonakaliswa kwamaprotheni ngokusebenzisa i-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) activation.
    • Le noveli indlela yokulawula izakhi zofuzo ikhonjiswe ngalokhu: (i)

i-pharmacological PPAR-α manipulation, (ii) ukuthulisa i-PPAR-α mRNA,

(iii) i-chromatin immunoprecipitation.

  • Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuchayeka ku-PEA kwenze izinguquko ze-morphological ezihambisana ne-phenotype esebenzayo ye-microglial, okuhlanganisa ukwanda kwe-phagocytosis nomsebenzi wokufuduka.
  • Okutholakele kwethu kuphakamisa ukulawulwa okungaqondile kwesisho se-microglial CB2R njengendlela entsha engenzeka engaphansi kwemiphumela ye-PEA.I-PEA ingabhekwa njengethuluzi eliwusizo lokuvimbela/lokwelapha izimpawu ezihlobene ne-neuroinflammation ezinkingeni ze-CNS.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Imodeli ye-2-AG ye-metabolism kanye negalelo layo elingenzeka ebuhlungu be-post-operative.Ama-enzyme alamula i-2-AG metabolism.I-2-AG metabolism yenzeka ngokuyinhloko nge-hydrolysis nge-monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), ikhiqiza i-arachidonic acid, eguqulwa ibe yi-eicosanoids yi-COX ne-LOX enzymes.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-2-AG ingashintshwa ibe yi-prostaglandin glycerol esters (PG-Gs) nge-COX-2 ne-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid glycerol esters (HETE-Gs) ngama-enzyme e-LOX.

 

 

Ubuhlungu. 2015 Feb;156(2):341-7.

 

I-Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2017 Feb 27;5(2):e00300.

I-anti-inflammatory compound palmitoylethanolamide ivimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-prostaglandin kanye ne-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid ngomugqa weseli we-macrophage.

 

Umthelela we-PEA kumazinga we-(A) PGD2;(B) I-PGE2;(C) 11-HETE;(D) 15-HETE;(E) 9-HODE kanye (F) 13-HODE phakathi

I-LPS + IFNγAmaseli e-RAW264.7 aphathwe.

Amangqamuzana (2.5 × 105 emthonjeni ngamunye) engezwe kumapuleti emithombo ayisithupha ane-LPS (0.1μg/mL kahle) kanye ne-INFγ (100 U/mL) futhi ikhuliswe ku-37°C amahora angama-24.I-PEA (3μi-mol/L, i-P3;noma 10μi-mol/L, P10) noma imoto yengezwe ekuqaleni kwalesi sikhathi sokulima (“24 h”) noma imizuzu engama-30 ngemva kwe-LPS + INFγ isigaba se-incubation (“30 min”).

IP amanani abesuka kumamodeli alayini emithelela eyinhloko iyodwa (imigqa emithathu ephezulu,ti = ingxenye yesikhathi, enamaminithi angu-30 njengenani eliyireferensi) noma imodeli ehlanganisa ukusebenzisana (imigqa emibili engezansi), ebalwa kusetshenziswat‐ukusabalalisa okunqunywa i-bootstrap enesampula yokumiselela (ama-10,000 iterations) yedatha ngaphansi kwe-null hypothesis.Izinto ezingaphandle ezingenzeka nezingenzeka, ezihlatshwe umkhosi ku-Boxplot (Tukey), ziboniswa njengonxantathu nezikwele ezibomvu, ngokulandelana.Izinto ezingase zivele zifakwe ekuhlaziyweni kwezibalo, kanti ongase abe ngaphandle ukhishiwe.Amabha amelela amanani amaphakathi ngemva kokukhishwa okungaba khona (n = 11–12).Ku-11-HETE, iP amanani ayo yonke isethi yedatha (okungukuthi okuhlanganisa okungenzeka kube khona) abe:ti, 0.87;P3, 0.86;P10, 0.0020;ti × P3, 0.83;ti x P10, 0.93.

 

 

UKUDLA I-PEA

 

  • I-PEA okwamanje itholakala emhlabeni wonke ngendlela yezithako zokudla, ukudla kwezokwelapha, kanye/noma ama-nutraceuticals ekwakhiweni okuhlukene, okunezinto ezisizayo nangaphandle kwazo (Hesselink and Kopsky, 2015).
  • I-PEA okwamanje imakethwa ukuze isetshenziswe ezilwaneni (izimo zesikhumba, i-Redonyl™, ekhiqizwe ngabakwa-Innovet) nanjenge-nutraceutical kubantu (i-Normast™ ne-Pelvilen™, ekhiqizwe yi-Epitech; i-PeaPure™, eyakhiwe ngabakwa-JP Russel Science Ltd.) kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. (isb. i-Italy, iSpain kanye ne-Netherlands) (uGabrielsson et al., 2016).
  • Iphinde ibe ingxenye kakhilimu (Physiogel AI™, ekhiqizwe ngu-Stiefel) emakethelwe isikhumba esomile (Gabrielsson et al., 2016).
  • I-Ultramicronized PEA ibhaliswe njengokudla ngezinjongo ezikhethekile nguMnyango Wezempilo wase-Italy futhi ayilebulanga ukusetshenziswa ezinhlungwini ze-neuropathic (Andersen et al., 2015).
  • I-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ayizange ibuyekeze ukuphepha kwe-PEA ngaphambilini.Ayikho imithetho e-US evumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-PEA njengesengezo sokudla noma into ye-GRAS.

 

 

 

 

 

I-FDA Yokudla Kwezokwelapha

• E-US, ukudla kwezokwelapha kuyisigaba somkhiqizo okhethekile olawulwa yi-FDA.

  • E-Europe, isigaba esifanayo esibizwa ngokuthi “Ukudla Kwezinjongo Ezikhethekile Zezokwelapha” (FSMPs) simbozwa yi-Foods for Special Nutritional Uses Direction futhi kulawulwa yi-European Commission (EC).
  • Ngo-1988 i-FDA yenza izinyathelo zokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwesigaba sokudla kwezokwelapha ngokuklomelisa imikhiqizo isimo somuthi wezintandane.
    • Lezi zinguquko zokulawula zinciphisa izindleko kanye nesikhathi esihlobene nokuletha ukudla kwezokwelapha emakethe, njengoba ukudla kwangaphambili kwezokwelapha kwakuphathwa njengemithi yokwelapha.
    • Ukudla kwezokwelapha akudingekile ukuthi kubuyekezwe kusengaphambili noma kugunyazwe yi-FDA.Ukwengeza, bakhululiwe ezimfuneko zokulebula zezimangalo zezempilo kanye nezimangalo zokuqukethwe kwezakhi ngaphansi kwe-Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990.
      • Ngokungafani nezithako zokudla, ezikhawulelwe ekwenzeni izimangalo zezifo futhi ezihloselwe abantu abanempilo, ukudla kwezokwelapha kuhloselwe abantu bezifo ezithile.
      • Izicelo zezifo kufanele zisekelwe ubufakazi besayensi obuzwakalayo obufakazela izimangalo zokulawulwa ngempumelelo kokudla okunempilo kwalesi sifo.
      • Zonke izithako kufanele zigunyazwe izithasiselo zokudla noma zihlukaniswe njenge-GRAS.

 

 

I-FDA Yokudla Kwezokwelapha

 

  • I-US FDA iqoka ukudla kwezokwelapha njengesigaba sezinto ezihloselwe ukulawulwa kokudla okunempilo kwesimo esithile noma isifo.Imibandela ethile edingekayo ukuze uthole lokhu kuqokwa kwe-FDA ihlanganisa ukuthi umkhiqizo kufanele ube:
    • Ukudla okwakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukungeniswa ngomlomo noma ngokungena emlonyeni;
    • Ekulawulweni kokudla okunempilo kokuphazamiseka okuthile kwezokwelapha, isifo noma isimo esingavamile lapho kunezidingo ezihlukile zokudla okunomsoco;
    • Kwenziwe ngezithako Ezivame Ukubonwa Njengephephile (i-GRAS);
    • Ngokuhambisana nemithetho ye-FDA ephathelene nokulebula, izimangalo zomkhiqizo kanye

ukukhiqiza.

  • Njengesigaba sokwelapha, ukudla kwezokwelapha kuhlukile kuzo zombili izidakamizwa nezithasiselo.
    • Amalebula kufanele afake umusho othi, “ozosetshenziswa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwezokwelapha,” njengoba ukudla kwezokwelapha kukhiqizwa ngaphansi kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza eziqinile futhi kugcinwe amazinga aphezulu okulebula.

 

Ingabe ukudla kwezokwelapha kuwumkhuba olandelayo omkhulu wokudla okupakishiwe?

  • Amathuba esigabeni sokudla kwezokwelapha ayakhula;imakethe ilinganiselwa ku-$15 billion, ngokushoIUdongaIsitaladi Ijenali.
  • Izinkampani ezinkulu zokudla, okuhlanganisa i-Nestle ne-Hormel, zenza ukutshalwa kwezimali ku-R&D nemigqa yemikhiqizo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezokwelapha nezomsoco.
    • I-Nestle ikhiphe aIsabelomali sika-$500 million ukusekela ucwaningo lokudla kwezokwelapha ngo-2021.
    • Mayelana nezinselelo, ukuthola isayensi ngendlela efanele kanye nokuthola ukwethenjwa emsebenzini wokunakekelwa kwezempilo kungabonakala kubalulekile
      • Abakhiqizi bezithako kufanele bahambisane nocwaningo lwesayensi yezokwelapha futhi ngokunokwenzeka baxhumane namanyuvesi ocwaningo ukuze bahlanganyele, kungaba ukusekela ucwaningo noma ukuzuza ulwazi olubalulekile.

 

Izibonelo eziqondile zokudla kwezokwelapha ezimakethe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwakho okumangalelwe ngakho

-i-osteopenia futhii-osteoporosis[8]

 

I-PEA: I-GRAS Eziqinisekisayo (isithako sokudla komuthi)


Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-15-2019