Izihlahla, izidalwa ezivame kakhulu ezisizungezile, zihlobene nokuthuthukiswa kanye nendawo yokuhlala yempucuko yabantu.Kusukela ekubholeni izinkuni zomlilo kuya ekwakheni izindlu zezihlahla, kusukela kumathuluzi okukhiqiza, ifenisha yokwakha kuya ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bokwenza iphepha, ukunikezelwa buthule kwezihlahla akunakuhlukaniswa.Namuhla, ubudlelwano obuseduze phakathi kwezihlahla nabantu sebungene kuzo zonke izici zemisebenzi yabantu nokuphila.
Izihlahla yigama elijwayelekile lezitshalo ezinokhuni, okuhlanganisa izihlahla, izihlahlana kanye nemivini enezinkuni.Izihlahla ikakhulukazi izitshalo zembewu.Phakathi kwama-fern, ama-fern ezihlahla kuphela yizihlahla.Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-8,000 zezihlahla eShayina.Ngaphezu kwezinto ezivamile ezinomsoco nezinempilo ezivela ezihlahleni zezithelo, kukhona nezinye izithako zemvelo ezivela ezihlahleni nazo ezigxile embonini yokudla kanye nezempilo.Namuhla sizofingqa izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokusetshenziswa ezivela kulezi zihlahla.
1.Taxol
I-Taxol, njengenhlanganisela ye-diterpene alkaloid enomsebenzi we-anticancer, yaqala ukuhlukaniswa namagxolo e-Pacific yew.Ngo-August 1962, isazi sezitshalo soMnyango Wezolimo wase-US u-Arthur Barclay waqoqa amasampula amagatsha, amagxolo nezithelo ze-Pacific yew ehlathini lesizwe eSifundazweni saseWashington.Lawa masampuli athunyelwe ku-Wisconsin alumni ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo Isisekelo senza ukukhishwa nokuhlukanisa.Kwaqinisekiswa ukuthi ukukhishwa okungahluziwe kwegxolo kunomphumela onobuthi kumaseli e-KB.Kamuva, i-Chemist Wall yaqamba le nto enamandla yokulwa nomdlavuza i-taxol (taxol).
Ngemuva kwenani elikhulu lokuhlolwa kwesayensi nokuqinisekiswa komtholampilo, i-paclitaxel ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza webele, umdlavuza wesibeletho, kanye nomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo kanye nomdlavuza wamaphaphu.Kulezi zinsuku, i-paclitaxel sekuyisikhathi eside yaba umuthi wemvelo odumile wokulwa nomdlavuza emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe.Ngokukhula kwenani labantu emhlabeni kanye nezigameko zezimila eziyingozi, isidingo sabantu se-paclitaxel sikhule kakhulu.Kodwa-ke, i-paclitaxel iphansi ngokwemvelo, cishe i-0.004% ku-yew bark, futhi akulula ukuyithola.Futhi okuqukethwe kuyashintshashintsha kuye ngesizini, indawo okukhiqizwa kuyo nendawo okuqoqwa kuyo.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yomkhuba wokuthakasela, eminyakeni embalwa edlule yekhulu lama-20, ngaphezu kwe-80% yama-yew emhlabeni anqunywa.Ama-yew angaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu ezintabeni zaseHengduan entshonalanga yeYunnan, eChina awazange asinde, futhi amaningi awo asuswa amagxolo awo.,Afe buthule.Lesi siphepho “sokubulala” saphela kancane kwaze kwaba yilapho wonke amazwe esethula imithetho evimbela ukugawulwa kwemithi.
Ukukhipha imithi emithonjeni yemvelo ukuze kuzuze iziguli kuyinto enhle yokwelapha izifo nokusindisa abantu, kodwa indlela yokuthola ibhalansi phakathi kokuthuthukiswa kwemithi nokuvikelwa kwemithombo yemvelo kuyinkinga engokoqobo okufanele sibhekane nayo namuhla.Bebhekene nenkinga yokuhlinzekwa kwempahla eluhlaza ye-paclitaxel, ososayensi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene baqala ukwenza imizamo ehlukene.Ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali okuphelele, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-semi-synthesis, ukuvutshelwa kwe-endophytic kanye ne-synthetic biology.Kodwa lokho okungakhiqizelwa ukuthengisa kuseyindlela yokwenziwa kwe-semi-synthetic, okungukuthi, amagatsha e-yew akhula ngokushesha akhula ngokushesha asetshenziswa njengezinto zokusetshenziswa ukuze kukhishwe i-10-deacetyl baccatin III (10-DAB), enesakhiwo esifanayo esiwumongo. njenge-paclitaxel, bese uyihlanganisa ibe yi-paclitaxel.Le ndlela inezindleko eziphansi kunokukhishwa kwemvelo futhi ihambisana nemvelo.Ngikholwa ukuthi ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwe-synthetic biology, ukuhlelwa kwezakhi zofuzo, nokuthuthukiswa kwamaseli e-chassis okwenziwa, isifiso sokuvelela sokusebenzisa ama-microorganisms ukukhiqiza i-paclitaxel sizofezeka esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.
2.Ukukhishwa kwegxolo lomnumzane omhlophe
I-White Willow bark extract iyigatsha noma igxolo elikhishwe ku-weeping willow yomndeni wakwaWillow.Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-white willow bark extract i-salicin.Njenge-“aspirin yemvelo”, i-salicin ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukukhulula imikhuhlane, imfiva, ubuhlungu bekhanda kanye nokuvuvukala kwamalunga.Izithako ezisebenzayo ekukhishweni kwegxolo le-willow elimhlophe zihlanganisa ama-polyphenols etiye nama-flavonoids.Lawa makhemikhali amabili ane-anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-fever futhi aqinisa imiphumela ye-immune granule.
Ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule, i-salicylic acid emagxolweni e-willow yaqala ukusiza abantu ukulwa nobuhlungu, umkhuhlane, i-rheumatism nezinye izifo.Kulotshwe ku-"Shen Nong's Materia Medica" ukuthi izimpande, amagxolo, amagatsha namaqabunga esihlahla somnyezane angasetshenziswa njengomuthi, onemiphumela yokususa ukushisa nokukhipha ubuthi, ukuvimbela umoya kanye ne-diuresis;I-Egypt yasendulo ngaphambi kuka-2000, ebhalwe ku-"Ebers Planting Manuscript", isebenzisa amahlamvu omile omisiwe Ukukhulula ubuhlungu;U-Hippocrates, udokotela odumile wamaGreki wasendulo kanye "nobaba wezokwelapha", wabuye wakhuluma ngomphumela we-willow bark emibhalweni yakhe.
Ucwaningo lwesimanje lwezempilo luthole ukuthi ukuthathwa kwansuku zonke kwe-1360mg yegxolo le-willow elimhlophe (eliqukethe u-240mg we-salicin) kungadambisa izinhlungu zamalunga nesifo samathambo ngemva kwamasonto amabili.Ukusebenzisa i-high-dose white bark extract kungasiza futhi ekudambiseni ubuhlungu beqolo, ikakhulukazi ekhanda lomkhuhlane ophezulu.
3.I-Pine Bark Extract
I-Pycnogenol ikhishwe egxolweni likaphayini wasogwini waseFrance, omila kuphela ehlathini elikhulu kunawo wonke elinohlobo olulodwa eYurophu esifundeni saseLandes ogwini oluseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeFrance.Eqinisweni, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, amagxolo ezihlahla zikaphayini asetshenziselwa ukudla nemithi, futhi njengomkhiqizo ongcwele wezokwelapha.U-Hippocrates (yebo, waphinde) wasebenzisa amagxolo kaphayini ukwelapha izifo ezivuthayo.Wagcoba ulwelwesi olungaphakathi lwegxolo likaphayini enxebeni elivuvukele, ubuhlungu, noma isilonda.AmaLaplander asenyakatho yeYurophu yesimanje agaya amagxolo kaphayini futhi awafaka kufulawa ukuze enze isinkwa ukuze amelane nomoya obandayo oshubisa umnkantsha ebusika.
I-Pycnogenol iqukethe ama-bioflavonoids nama-phenolic fruit acids, okuhlanganisa i-oligomeric proanthocyanidins, i-catechol, i-epicatechin, i-taxifolin, nezinhlobonhlobo ze-phenolic izithelo acid ezifana ne-ferulic acid ne-caffeic acid Kanye nezithako ezisebenzayo ezingaphezu kuka-40.Ingakhipha ama-radicals mahhala, ikhiqize i-nitric oxide, futhi ibe nemiphumela eminingi njengokubambezeleka ukuguga, ukuhlobisa isikhumba, ukuqinisa imithambo yegazi, ukuvikela inhliziyo nobuchopho, ukuthuthukisa umbono, nokwandisa amandla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izingcaphuno zegxolo likaphayini ezakhiwe yi-New Zealand Enzhuo Company.Uphayini waseNew Zealand oyingqayizivele ukhula endaweni ehlanzekile nengokwemvelo.Itholakala emthonjeni wamanzi wesiphuzo sikazwelonke saseNew Zealand, isiphuzo esidume kakhulu i-L&P.Ayiqukethe izinto ezinobuthi ngaphambi kokuthi icutshungulwe., Bese usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bamanzi ahlanzekile obuthole inani lamalungelo obunikazi bamazwe ngamazwe ukuze uthole utshwala obuhlanzekile kaphayini ngokukhipha okumsulwa kwemvelo.Izinto zokusetshenziswa zenkampani zibekwe endaweni yezempilo yobuchopho, futhi ngokusekelwe kulokhu njengesithako esiyinhloko, isungule izinhlobonhlobo zezithasiselo zempilo yobuchopho.
4.I-Ginkgo Biloba Extract
I-Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) iyisiphuzo esenziwe ngamaqabunga omisiwe e-Ginkgo biloba, isitshalo somndeni wakwaGinkgo, esinezakhi zamakhemikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi.Njengamanje, ngaphezu kwe-160 compounds iye yahlukaniswa kuwo, kuhlanganise ne-flavonoids, i-terpenoid lactones, i-polypentenols, nama-organic acid.Phakathi kwazo, ama-flavonoid nama-terpene lactones ayizinkomba ezivamile zokulawulwa kwekhwalithi ye-GBE namalungiselelo ayo, futhi ziyizingxenye eziyinhloko ezisebenzayo ze-GBE.Angathuthukisa ukujikeleza kwenhliziyo nemithambo yobuchopho, akhiphe ama-radicals angenawo umoya-mpilo, futhi ayasebenza ku-hypertension, i-arteriosclerosis, kanye nobuchopho obunzima.I-infarction nezinye izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi zinemiphumela engcono yokwelapha.Amalungiselelo anjengamaqabunga e-ginkgo, amaphilisi kanye namaphilisi aconsayo enziwe nge-GBE njengezisetshenziswa zokusetshenziswa kuyizithasiselo nemithi edliwayo ethandwa kakhulu eYurophu nase-United States.
I-Germany ne-France amazwe okuqala ukukhipha i-ginkgo flavonoid nama-ginkgolides emaqabunga e-ginkgo.Amalungiselelo e-GBE kulawa mazwe amabili anesabelo esikhulu kakhulu emhlabeni, njengenkampani yaseJalimane iSchwabe eyenza imithi (iSchwabe) Tebonin, i-Beaufor-Ipsen's Tanakan yaseFrance, njll.
izwe lami licebile ngezinsiza zamaqabunga e-ginkgo.Izihlahla ze-Ginkgo zenza cishe u-90% wezinsiza zezihlahla ze-ginkgo zomhlaba wonke.Iyindawo eyinhloko ekhiqiza i-ginkgo, kodwa akulona izwe eliqinile ekukhiqizweni kwamalungiselelo amaqabunga e-ginkgo.Ngenxa yokuqala sekwephuzile kocwaningo lwesimanje mayelana nezinsiza ze-ginkgo ezweni lami, namandla abuthaka okukhiqiza nokucubungula, kuhambisana nomthelela wemikhiqizo eyonakele, isimo emakethe ye-GBE ezweni lami siyantenga.Ngezinyathelo ezifana namazinga okulawula ikhwalithi yasekhaya, ukuhlanganiswa kwamabhizinisi akhona okucubungula nokukhiqiza, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono embonini ye-R&D nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, imboni yezwe lami ye-GBE izoletha intuthuko enempilo.
5.I-Gum Arabic
I-Gum arabic iwuhlobo lwama-carbohydrates angokwemvelo angagayeki.Yizinhlayiya ezakheke ngokwemvelo kusukela ebisini lesihlahla somtholo.Izingxenye eziyinhloko ziyi-polysaccharides ye-polymer kanye nosawoti wabo we-calcium, i-magnesium ne-potassium.Iwuhlobo oludlula zonke emhlabeni Uhlobo lwakudala nolwaziwa kakhulu lwenjoloba yemvelo.Ukulinywa kwayo kwezentengiso kugxile kakhulu emazweni ase-Afrika anjengeSudan, Chad kanye neNigeria.Yimakethe ecishe ibe yedwa.I-Sudan yenza cishe u-80% wokukhiqizwa kwe-gum arabic emhlabeni jikelele.
I-Gum Arabic ibilokhu ifunwa ngenxa yemiphumela yayo ye-prebiotic kanye nomthelela wayo ekunambithekeni nasekuthunjweni kokudla neziphuzo.Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, inkampani yaseFrance i-Nexira iye yasekela imisebenzi embalwa esimeme ehlobene nephrojekthi ye-gum arabic, okuhlanganisa nokusekelwa kwemvelo nezindlela zokuthonya imiphakathi esebenza kuyo.Yakha kabusha amahektha angu-27,100 futhi yatshala izihlahla ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-2 isebenzisa izindlela zokuphatha i-agroforestry.Ukwengeza, sisekela ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukiswa kwemvelo entekenteke kanye nokwehlukahlukana kwezinsiza zebhayoloji ngezolimo olusimeme.
I-Nexira ithe imikhiqizo ye-gum arabic yenkampani ingu-100% encibilika emanzini, ayinaphunga, ayinaphunga, futhi ayinambala, futhi inozinzo oluhle ngaphansi kwenqubo enzima nezimo zokugcinwa, okuyenza ifanelekele izithasiselo zokudla kanye nenhlobonhlobo yemisebenzi.Ukudla neziphuzo.Le nkampani ifake isicelo ku-FDA ekupheleni kuka-2020 ukuze ifake ohlwini i-gum arabic njengefayibha yokudla.
6.I-Baobab Extract
I-Baobab isitshalo esiyingqayizivele e-Sahara Desert of Africa, futhi yaziwa nangokuthi isihlahla sempilo sase-Afrika (i-Baobab), futhi iwukudla kwendabuko kubahlali base-Afrika.I-Baobab yase-Afrika ingenye yezihlahla ezibonakala kakhulu ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, kodwa futhi ikhula e-Oman, Yemen, Peninsula yase-Arabia, Malaysia, nase-Australia.Ezingxenyeni ezithile zase-Afrika, isiphuzo sezithelo ze-Baobab esibizwa ngokuthi i-bouye sithandwa kakhulu.
Njenge-flavour ekhulayo, i-Baobab ine-flavour (ebizwa ngokuthi ubumnandi bokukhanya kwelamula) ukuthungwa, futhi inothile ngamavithamini, amaminerali kanye nama-antioxidant, okwenza ibe impahla eluhlaza eyingqayizivele enempilo.Umphakeli wayo wezinto ezingavuthiwe u-Nexira ukholelwa ukuthi impushana ye-Baobab ifaneleka kakhulu ekuhlanzeni izicelo zelebula.Le powder inokunambitheka okuqinile kancane futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa ngobuningi, njengama-milkshakes, amabha ezempilo, okusanhlamvu kwasekuseni, iyogathi, u-ayisikhilimu noma ushokoledi.Iphinde ihlanganise kahle nezinye izithelo super.Impushana ye-baobab ekhiqizwa yi-Nexira isebenzisa kuphela isithelo sesihlahla se-baobab, ngakho isihlahla ngokwaso asilimalanga.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthenga kwe-Nexira kusekela izinqubomgomo zezakhamuzi zendawo futhi kusiza ukudala umthelela omuhle kwezenhlalo-mnotho e-Afrika.
7.I-Birch Bark Extract
Izihlahla ze-birch azigcini nje ngokubukeka ziqondile futhi ezinobuqhawe, kodwa futhi nezici zokuba namahlathi amancane.Enkathini yokuvuthuluka, iwubuhle obuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu bomdwebi.Amagxolo angenziwa ephepheni, amagatsha angenziwa ngokhuni, futhi into emangalisa kakhulu "i-birch sap".
I-birch sap, eyaziwa ngokuthi "umlandeli" wamanzi kakhukhunathi, ingakhishwa ngokuqondile ezihlahleni ze-birch futhi yaziwa nangokuthi "isiphuzo sasehlathini lemvelo".Igxilisa ubungqabavu bezihlahla ze-birch esifundeni se-alpine, futhi iqukethe ama-carbohydrate, ama-amino acid, ama-organic acid kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zikasawoti we-inorganic odingekayo futhi amuncwa kalula ngumzimba womuntu.Phakathi kwazo, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-20 zama-amino acid kanye nezinhlobo ezingu-24 zezinto ezingaphili, ikakhulukazi i-vitamin B1, B2 kanye ne-vitamin C. Isiza isikhumba sigcine umswakama futhi sigcine ibhalansi yezindawo ezinamafutha nezomile.Imikhiqizo eminingi evelayo isebenzisa ijusi ye-birch esikhundleni samanzi ukuze yenze isikhumba "esithambile futhi esinwebekayo".Phakathi kwemikhiqizo eminingi yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba yemvelo kanye neziphuzo ezisebenzayo, ijusi ye-birch iyimpahla eluhlaza ethandwa kakhulu.
8.I-Moringa Extract
IMoringa futhi iwuhlobo “lokudla okuphezulu” esivame ukukusho, inothe ngamaprotheni, ama-fatty acids, kanye namaminerali.Izimbali zayo, amaqabunga kanye nembewu ye-Moringa inenani eliphakeme lokusetshenziswa.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iMoringa idonse ukunaka kwemboni ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okunothile kwezakhi zomzimba, futhi kunomkhuba wesibili obuthakathaka "we-curcumin".
Imakethe yamazwe ngamazwe nayo inethemba ngamathemba entuthuko ye-Moringa.Kusukela ngo-2018 kuya ku-2022, imikhiqizo ye-Moringa yomhlaba wonke izokhula ngesilinganiso sonyaka esiphakathi kuka-9.53%.Imikhiqizo yeMoringa iza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zetiye leMoringa, uwoyela weMoringa, impushana yeqabunga leMoringa kanye nembewu yeMoringa.Izinto ezibalulekile ezigqugquzela ukukhula ngokushesha kwemikhiqizo ye-Moringa zifaka ukwanda kwemali engenayo yabantu, ukwanda kwemikhuba yokuguga, kanye nezinkulungwane zeminyaka ezizimisele ukuzama izinto ezintsha.
Nokho, intuthuko yasekhaya isesezingeni eliphansi uma kuqhathaniswa.Kodwa-ke, kusukela ocwaningweni lwamanje oluhlobene ne-Moringa oleifera, amazwe angaphandle anaka inani lokudla okunempilo kwe-Moringa oleifera, futhi ucwaningo lwasekhaya lumayelana nenani lokuphakela le-Moringa oleifera.Iqabunga le-Moringa lavunywa njengesithako esisha sokudla ngo-2012 (Isimemezelo No. 19 seKhomishini Yezempilo Nokuhlela Umndeni).Ngokujula kocwaningo, izinzuzo ze-Moringa oleifera zesifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi izinkinga zesifo sikashukela, zidonse ukunaka.Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo nokushesha kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela kanye nangaphambi kwesifo sikashukela ngokuzayo, lo mkhakha ungase ube impumelelo ekusetshenzisweni kwe-Moringa ekhishwe emkhakheni wokudla.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-07-2021